Php Home basicWhat is PHP?PHP stands for PHP: Hypertext Preprocessor PHP is a server-side scripting language, like ASP PHP scripts are executed on the server PHP supports many databases (MySQL, Informix, Oracle, Sybase, Solid, PostgreSQL, Generic ODBC, etc.) PHP is an open source software PHP is free to download and use What is a PHP File?PHP files can contain text, HTML tags and scripts PHP files are returned to the browser as plain HTML PHP files have a file extension of ".php", ".php3", or ".phtml" What is MySQL?MySQL is a database server MySQL is ideal for both small and large applications MySQL supports standard SQL MySQL compiles on a number of platforms MySQL is free to download and use Why PHP?PHP runs on different platforms (Windows, Linux, Unix, etc.) PHP is compatible with almost all servers used today (Apache, IIS, etc.) PHP is FREE to download from the official PHP resource: www.php.net PHP is easy to learn and runs efficiently on the server side Basic PHP SyntaxA PHP scripting block always starts with . A PHP scripting block can be placed anywhere in the document.On servers with shorthand support enabled you can start a scripting block with .For maximum compatibility, we recommend that you use the standard form ( A PHP file normally contains HTML tags, just like an HTML file, and some PHP scripting code.Below, we have an example of a simple PHP script which sends the text "Hello World" to the browser:
Each code line in PHP must end with a semicolon. The semicolon is a separator and is used to distinguish one set of instructions from another.There are two basic statements to output text with PHP: echo and print. In the example above we have used the echo statement to output the text "Hello World".Note: The file must have a .php extension. If the file has a .html extension, the PHP code will not be executed.Comments in PHPIn PHP, we use // to make a single-line comment or /* and */ to make a large comment block. PHP VariablesA variable is used to store information.Variables in PHPVariables are used for storing a values, like text strings, numbers or arrays.When a variable is declared, it can be used over and over again in your script.All variables in PHP start with a $ sign symbol.The correct way of declaring a variable in PHP:$var_name = value; New PHP programmers often forget the $ sign at the beginning of the variable. In that case it will not work.Let's try creating a variable containing a string, and a variable containing a number: PHP is a Loosely Typed LanguageIn PHP, a variable does not need to be declared before adding a value to it.In the example above, you see that you do not have to tell PHP which data type the variable is.PHP automatically converts the variable to the correct data type, depending on its value.In a strongly typed programming language, you have to declare (define) the type and name of the variable before using it.In PHP, the variable is declared automatically when you use it.Naming Rules for VariablesA variable name must start with a letter or an underscore "_" A variable name can only contain alpha-numeric characters and underscores (a-z, A-Z, 0-9, and _ ) A variable name should not contain spaces. If a variable name is more than one word, it should be separated with an underscore ($my_string), or with capitalization ($myString) PHP String VariablesA string variable is used to store and manipulate text.String Variables in PHPString variables are used for values that contains characters.In this chapter we are going to look at the most common functions and operators used to manipulate strings in PHP.After we create a string we can manipulate it. A string can be used directly in a function or it can be stored in a variable.Below, the PHP script assigns the text "Hello World" to a string variable called $txt: The output of the code above will be:Hello World Now, lets try to use some different functions and operators to manipulate the string.The Concatenation OperatorThere is only one string operator in PHP.The concatenation operator (.) is used to put two string values together.To concatenate two string variables together, use the concatenation operator: The output of the code above will be:Hello World! What a nice day! If we look at the code above you see that we used the concatenation operator two times. This is because we had to insert a third string (a space character), to separate the two strings.The strlen() functionThe strlen() function is used to return the length of a string.Let's find the length of a string: The output of the code above will be:12 The length of a string is often used in loops or other functions, when it is important to know when the string ends. (i.e. in a loop, we would want to stop the loop after the last character in the string).The strpos() functionThe strpos() function is used to search for character within a string.If a match is found, this function will return the position of the first match. If no match is found, it will return FALSE.Let's see if we can find the string "world" in our string: The output of the code above will be:6 The position of the string "world" in our string is position 6. The reason that it is 6 (and not 7), is that the first position in the string is 0, and not 1.PHP OperatorsOperators are used to operate on values.PHP OperatorsThis section lists the different operators used in PHP.Arithmetic OperatorsOperatorDescriptionExampleResult+Additionx=2x+24-Subtractionx=25-x3*Multiplicationx=4x*520/Division15/55/232.5%Modulus (division remainder)5%210%810%2120++Incrementx=5x++x=6--Decrementx=5x--x=4Assignment OperatorsOperatorExampleIs The Same As=x=yx=y+=x+=yx=x+y-=x-=yx=x-y*=x*=yx=x*y/=x/=yx=x/y.=x.=yx=x.y%=x%=yx=x%yComparison OperatorsOperatorDescriptionExample==is equal to5==8 returns false!=is not equal5!=8 returns true<>is not equal5<>8 returns true>is greater than5>8 returns false
=is greater than or equal to5>=8 returns false<=is less than or equal to5<=8 returns trueLogical OperatorsOperatorDescriptionExample&&andx=6y=3 (x < 10 && y > 1) returns true||orx=6y=3 (x==5 || y==5) returns false!notx=6y=3 !(x==y) returns truePHP If...Else StatementsConditional statements are used to perform different actions based on different conditions.Conditional StatementsVery often when you write code, you want to perform different actions for different decisions. You can use conditional statements in your code to do this.In PHP we have the following conditional statements:if statement - use this statement to execute some code only if a specified condition is true if...else statement - use this statement to execute some code if a condition is true and another code if the condition is false if...elseif....else statement - use this statement to select one of several blocks of code to be executed switch statement - use this statement to select one of many blocks of code to be executed The if StatementUse the if statement to execute some code only if a specified condition is true.Syntaxif (condition) code to be executed if condition is true;The following example will output "Have a nice weekend!" if the current day is Friday: Notice that there is no ..else.. in this syntax. You tell the browser to execute some code only if the specified condition is true.The if...else StatementUse the if....else statement to execute some code if a condition is true and another code if a condition is false.Syntaxif (condition) code to be executed if condition is true;else code to be executed if condition is false; ExampleThe following example will output "Have a nice weekend!" if the current day is Friday, otherwise it will output "Have a nice day!": If more than one line should be executed if a condition is true/false, the lines should be enclosed within curly braces:"; echo "Have a nice weekend!"; echo "See you on Monday!"; }?> The if...elseif....else StatementUse the if....elseif...else statement to select one of several blocks of code to be executed.Syntaxif (condition) code to be executed if condition is true;elseif (condition) code to be executed if condition is true;else code to be executed if condition is false; ExampleThe following example will output "Have a nice weekend!" if the current day is Friday, and "Have a nice Sunday!" if the current day is Sunday. Otherwise it will output "Have a nice day!": PHP Switch StatementConditional statements are used to perform different actions based on different conditions.The PHP Switch StatementUse the switch statement to select one of many blocks of code to be executed.Syntaxswitch (n){case label1: code to be executed if n=label1; break;case label2: code to be executed if n=label2; break;default: code to be executed if n is different from both label1 and label2;} This is how it works: First we have a single expression n (most often a variable), that is evaluated once. The value of the expression is then compared with the values for each case in the structure. If there is a match, the block of code associated with that case is executed. Use break to prevent the code from running into the next case automatically. The default statement is used if no match is found. PHP ArraysAn array stores multiple values in one single variable.What is an Array?A variable is a storage area holding a number or text. The problem is, a variable will hold only one value.An array is a special variable, which can store multiple values in one single variable.If you have a list of items (a list of car names, for example), storing the cars in single variables could look like this:$cars1="Saab";$cars2="Volvo";$cars3="BMW"; However, what if you want to loop through the cars and find a specific one? And what if you had not 3 cars, but 300?The best solution here is to use an array!An array can hold all your variable values under a single name. And you can access the values by referring to the array name.Each element in the array has its own index so that it can be easily accessed.In PHP, there are three kind of arrays:Numeric array - An array with a numeric index Associative array - An array where each ID key is associated with a value Multidimensional array - An array containing one or more arrays Numeric ArraysA numeric array stores each array element with a numeric index.There are two methods to create a numeric array.1. In the following example the index are automatically assigned (the index starts at 0):$cars=array("Saab","Volvo","BMW","Toyota"); 2. In the following example we assign the index manually:$cars[0]="Saab";$cars[1]="Volvo";$cars[2]="BMW";$cars[3]="Toyota"; ExampleIn the following example you access the variable values by referring to the array name and index:The code above will output:Saab and Volvo are Swedish cars.Associative ArraysAn associative array, each ID key is associated with a value.When storing data about specific named values, a numerical array is not always the best way to do it.With associative arrays we can use the values as keys and assign values to them.Example 1In this example we use an array to assign ages to the different persons:$ages = array("Peter"=>32, "Quagmire"=>30, "Joe"=>34); Example 2This example is the same as example 1, but shows a different way of creating the array:$ages['Peter'] = "32";$ages['Quagmire'] = "30";$ages['Joe'] = "34"; The ID keys can be used in a script: The code above will output:Peter is 32 years old. Multidimensional ArraysIn a multidimensional array, each element in the main array can also be an array. And each element in the sub-array can be an array, and so on.Example In this example we create a multidimensional array, with automatically assigned ID keys:$families = array ( "Griffin"=>array ( "Peter", "Lois", "Megan" ), "Quagmire"=>array ( "Glenn" ), "Brown"=>array ( "Cleveland", "Loretta", "Junior" ) ); The array above would look like this if written to the output:Array([Griffin] => Array ( [0] => Peter [1] => Lois [2] => Megan )[Quagmire] => Array ( [0] => Glenn )[Brown] => Array ( [0] => Cleveland [1] => Loretta [2] => Junior )) Example 2Lets try displaying a single value from the array above:echo "Is " . $families['Griffin'][2] . " a part of the Griffin family?"; The code above will output:Is Megan a part of the Griffin family? PHP Looping - While LoopsLoops execute a block of code a specified number of times, or while a specified condition is true.PHP LoopsOften when you write code, you want the same block of code to run over and over again in a row. Instead of adding several almost equal lines in a script we can use loops to perform a task like this.In PHP, we have the following looping statements:while - loops through a block of code while a specified condition is true do...while - loops through a block of code once, and then repeats the loop as long as a specified condition is true for - loops through a block of code a specified number of times foreach - loops through a block of code for each element in an array The while LoopThe while loop executes a block of code while a condition is true.Syntaxwhile (condition) { code to be executed; }ExampleThe example below defines a loop that starts with i=1. The loop will continue to run as long as i is less than, or equal to 5. i will increase by 1 each time the loop runs:"; $i++; }?> Output:The number is 1The number is 2The number is 3The number is 4The number is 5The do...while StatementThe do...while statement will always execute the block of code once, it will then check the condition, and repeat the loop while the condition is true.Syntaxdo { code to be executed; }while (condition); ExampleThe example below defines a loop that starts with i=1. It will then increment i with 1, and write some output. Then the condition is checked, and the loop will continue to run as long as i is less than, or equal to 5:"; }while ($i<=5);?> Output:The number is 2The number is 3The number is 4The number is 5The number is 6PHP Looping - For LoopsLoops execute a block of code a specified number of times, or while a specified condition is true.The for LoopThe for loop is used when you know in advance how many times the script should run.Syntaxfor (init; condition; increment) { code to be executed; } Parameters:init: Mostly used to set a counter (but can be any code to be executed once at the beginning of the loop) condition: Evaluated for each loop iteration. If it evaluates to TRUE, the loop continues. If it evaluates to FALSE, the loop ends. increment: Mostly used to increment a counter (but can be any code to be executed at the end of the loop) Note: Each of the parameters above can be empty, or have multiple expressions (separated by commas).ExampleThe example below defines a loop that starts with i=1. The loop will continue to run as long as i is less than, or equal to 5. i will increase by 1 each time the loop runs:"; }?> Output:The number is 1The number is 2The number is 3The number is 4The number is 5The foreach LoopThe foreach loop is used to loop through arrays.Syntaxforeach ($array as $value) { code to be executed; } For every loop iteration, the value of the current array element is assigned to $value (and the array pointer is moved by one) - so on the next loop iteration, you'll be looking at the next array value.ExampleThe following example demonstrates a loop that will print the values of the given array:"; }?>Output:onetwothreePHP FunctionsThe real power of PHP comes from its functions.In PHP, there are more than 700 built-in functions.PHP Built-in FunctionsFor a complete reference and examples of the built-in functions, please visit our PHP Reference.PHP FunctionsIn this chapter we will show you how to create your own functions.To keep the browser from executing a script when the page loads, you can put your script into a function.A function will be executed by a call to the function.You may call a function from anywhere within a page.Create a PHP FunctionA function will be executed by a call to the function.Syntaxfunction functionName(){code to be executed;}PHP function guidelines:Give the function a name that reflects what the function does The function name can start with a letter or underscore (not a number) ExampleA simple function that writes my name when it is called: Output:My name is Kai Jim RefsnesPHP Functions - Adding parametersTo add more functionality to a function, we can add parameters. A parameter is just like a variable.Parameters are specified after the function name, inside the parentheses.Example 1The following example will write different first names, but equal last name:";}echo "My name is ";writeName("Kai Jim");echo "My sister's name is ";writeName("Hege");echo "My brother's name is ";writeName("Stale");?> Output:My name is Kai Jim Refsnes.My sister's name is Hege Refsnes.My brother's name is Stale Refsnes. Example 2The following function has two parameters:";}echo "My name is ";writeName("Kai Jim",".");echo "My sister's name is ";writeName("Hege","!");echo "My brother's name is ";writeName("Ståle","?");?> Output:My name is Kai Jim Refsnes.My sister's name is Hege Refsnes!My brother's name is Ståle Refsnes? PHP Functions - Return valuesTo let a function return a value, use the return statement.Example Output:1 + 16 = 17PHP Forms and User InputThe PHP $_GET and $_POST variables are used to retrieve information from forms, like user input.PHP Form HandlingThe most important thing to notice when dealing with HTML forms and PHP is that any form element in an HTML page will automatically be available to your PHP scripts.ExampleThe example below contains an HTML form with two input fields and a submit button: When a user fills out the form above and click on the submit button, the form data is sent to a PHP file, called "welcome.php":"welcome.php" looks like this:Welcome !
You are years old. Output could be something like this:Welcome John!You are 28 years old.The PHP $_GET and $_POST functions will be explained in the next chapters.Form ValidationUser input should be validated on the browser whenever possible (by client scripts). Browser validation is faster and reduces the server load.You should consider server validation if the user input will be inserted into a database. A good way to validate a form on the server is to post the form to itself, instead of jumping to a different page. The user will then get the error messages on the same page as the form. This makes it easier to discover the error.PHP $_GET FunctionThe built-in $_GET function is used to collect values in a form with method="get".The $_GET FunctionThe built-in $_GET function is used to collect values from a form sent with method="get".Information sent from a form with the GET method is visible to everyone (it will be displayed in the browser's address bar) and has limits on the amount of information to send (max. 100 characters).Example When the user clicks the "Submit" button, the URL sent to the server could look something like this:http://www.w3schools.com/welcome.php?fname=Peter&age=37 The "welcome.php" file can now use the $_GET function to collect form data (the names of the form fields will automatically be the keys in the $_GET array):Welcome .
You are years old! When to use method="get"?When using method="get" in HTML forms, all variable names and values are displayed in the URL.PHP $_POST FunctionThe built-in $_POST function is used to collect values in a form with method="post".The $_POST FunctionThe built-in $_POST function is used to collect values from a form sent with method="post".Information sent from a form with the POST method is invisible to others and has no limits on the amount of information to send.Note: However, there is an 8 Mb max size for the POST method, by default (can be changed by setting the post_max_size in the php.ini file).Example When the user clicks the "Submit" button, the URL will look like this:http://www.w3schools.com/welcome.php The "welcome.php" file can now use the $_POST function to collect form data (the names of the form fields will automatically be the keys in the $_POST array):Welcome !
You are years old.When to use method="post"?Information sent from a form with the POST method is invisible to others and has no limits on the amount of information to send.However, because the variables are not displayed in the URL, it is not possible to bookmark the page.The PHP $_REQUEST FunctionThe PHP built-in $_REQUEST function contains the contents of both $_GET, $_POST, and $_COOKIE.The $_REQUEST function can be used to collect form data sent with both the GET and POST methods.ExampleWelcome !
You are years old.PHP Date() FunctionThe PHP date() function is used to format a time and/or date.The PHP Date() FunctionThe PHP date() function formats a timestamp to a more readable date and time.A timestamp is a sequence of characters, denoting the date and/or time at which a certain event occurred. Syntaxdate(format,timestamp) ParameterDescriptionformatRequired. Specifies the format of the timestamptimestampOptional. Specifies a timestamp. Default is the current date and timePHP Date() - Format the DateThe required format parameter in the date() function specifies how to format the date/time.Here are some characters that can be used:d - Represents the day of the month (01 to 31) m - Represents a month (01 to 12) Y - Represents a year (in four digits) A list of all the characters that can be used in the format parameter, can be found in our PHP Date reference.Other characters, like"/", ".", or "-" can also be inserted between the letters to add additional formatting:";echo date("Y.m.d") . "
";echo date("Y-m-d")?> The output of the code above could be something like this:2009/05/112009.05.112009-05-11 PHP Date() - Adding a TimestampThe optional timestamp parameter in the date() function specifies a timestamp. If you do not specify a timestamp, the current date and time will be used.The mktime() function returns the Unix timestamp for a date.The Unix timestamp contains the number of seconds between the Unix Epoch (January 1 1970 00:00:00 GMT) and the time specified.Syntax for mktime()mktime(hour,minute,second,month,day,year,is_dst) To go one day in the future we simply add one to the day argument of mktime(): The output of the code above could be something like this:Tomorrow is 2009/05/12 PHP Include FilePHP include() FunctionThe include() function takes all the content in a specified file and includes it in the current file.If an error occurs, the include() function generates a warning, but the script will continue execution.Example 1Assume that you have a standard header file, called "header.php". To include the header file in a page, use the include() function:Welcome to my home page!
Some text.
Example 2Assume we have a standard menu file, called "menu.php", that should be used on all pages:HomeTutorialsReferencesExamples About Us Contact Us All pages in the Web site should include this menu file. Here is how it can be done:Welcome to my home page.
Some text.
If you look at the source code of the page above (in a browser), it will look like this:Welcome to my home page!
Some text.
PHP require() FunctionThe require() function is identical to include(), except that it handles errors differently.If an error occurs, the include() function generates a warning, but the script will continue execution. The require() generates a fatal error, and the script will stop.Error Example include() Function Error message:Warning: include(wrongFile.php) [function.include]:failed to open stream:No such file or directory in C:\home\website\test.php on line 5Warning: include() [function.include]:Failed opening 'wrongFile.php' for inclusion(include_path='.;C:\php5\pear')in C:\home\website\test.php on line 5Hello World! Notice that the echo statement is executed! This is because a Warning does not stop the script execution.Error Example require() FunctionNow, let's run the same example with the require() function. Error message:Warning: require(wrongFile.php) [function.require]:failed to open stream:No such file or directory in C:\home\website\test.php on line 5Fatal error: require() [function.require]:Failed opening required 'wrongFile.php'(include_path='.;C:\php5\pear')in C:\home\website\test.php on line 5 The echo statement is not executed, because the script execution stopped after the fatal error.It is recommended to use the require() function instead of include(), because scripts should not continue after an error.PHP File HandlingThe fopen() function is used to open files in PHP.Opening a FileThe fopen() function is used to open files in PHP.The first parameter of this function contains the name of the file to be opened and the second parameter specifies in which mode the file should be opened: The file may be opened in one of the following modes:ModesDescriptionrRead only. Starts at the beginning of the filer+Read/Write. Starts at the beginning of the filewWrite only. Opens and clears the contents of file; or creates a new file if it doesn't existw+Read/Write. Opens and clears the contents of file; or creates a new file if it doesn't existaAppend. Opens and writes to the end of the file or creates a new file if it doesn't exista+Read/Append. Preserves file content by writing to the end of the filexWrite only. Creates a new file. Returns FALSE and an error if file already existsx+Read/Write. Creates a new file. Returns FALSE and an error if file already existsNote: If the fopen() function is unable to open the specified file, it returns 0 (false).ExampleThe following example generates a message if the fopen() function is unable to open the specified file: Closing a FileThe fclose() function is used to close an open file: Check End-of-fileThe feof() function checks if the "end-of-file" (EOF) has been reached.The feof() function is useful for looping through data of unknown length.Note: You cannot read from files opened in w, a, and x mode!if (feof($file)) echo "End of file"; Reading a File Line by LineThe fgets() function is used to read a single line from a file.Note: After a call to this function the file pointer has moved to the next line. ExampleThe example below reads a file line by line, until the end of file is reached:"; }fclose($file);?> Reading a File Character by CharacterThe fgetc() function is used to read a single character from a file.Note: After a call to this function the file pointer moves to the next character. ExampleThe example below reads a file character by character, until the end of file is reached: PHP File UploadWith PHP, it is possible to upload files to the server.Create an Upload-File FormTo allow users to upload files from a form can be very useful. Look at the following HTML form for uploading files: Notice the following about the HTML form above:The enctype attribute of the Retrieve the values in the "welcome.php" file like this:Welcome .
You are years old. PHP SessionsA PHP session variable is used to store information about, or change settings for a user session. Session variables hold information about one single user, and are available to all pages in one application.PHP Session VariablesWhen you are working with an application, you open it, do some changes and then you close it. This is much like a Session. The computer knows who you are. It knows when you start the application and when you end. But on the internet there is one problem: the web server does not know who you are and what you do because the HTTP address doesn't maintain state.A PHP session solves this problem by allowing you to store user information on the server for later use (i.e. username, shopping items, etc). However, session information is temporary and will be deleted after the user has left the website. If you need a permanent storage you may want to store the data in a database.Sessions work by creating a unique id (UID) for each visitor and store variables based on this UID. The UID is either stored in a cookie or is propagated in the URL.Starting a PHP SessionBefore you can store user information in your PHP session, you must first start up the session.Note: The session_start() function must appear BEFORE the tag: The code above will register the user's session with the server, allow you to start saving user information, and assign a UID for that user's session.Storing a Session VariableThe correct way to store and retrieve session variables is to use the PHP $_SESSION variable: Output:Pageviews=1 In the example below, we create a simple page-views counter. The isset() function checks if the "views" variable has already been set. If "views" has been set, we can increment our counter. If "views" doesn't exist, we create a "views" variable, and set it to 1: Destroying a SessionIf you wish to delete some session data, you can use the unset() or the session_destroy() function.The unset() function is used to free the specified session variable: You can also completely destroy the session by calling the session_destroy() function: Note: session_destroy() will reset your session and you will lose all your stored session data.PHP Sending E-mailsPHP allows you to send e-mails directly from a script.The PHP mail() FunctionThe PHP mail() function is used to send emails from inside a script.Syntaxmail(to,subject,message,headers,parameters) ParameterDescriptiontoRequired. Specifies the receiver / receivers of the emailsubjectRequired. Specifies the subject of the email. Note: This parameter cannot contain any newline charactersmessageRequired. Defines the message to be sent. Each line should be separated with a LF (\n). Lines should not exceed 70 charactersheadersOptional. Specifies additional headers, like From, Cc, and Bcc. The additional headers should be separated with a CRLF (\r\n)parametersOptional. Specifies an additional parameter to the sendmail programNote: For the mail functions to be available, PHP requires an installed and working email system. The program to be used is defined by the configuration settings in the php.ini file.PHP Simple E-MailThe simplest way to send an email with PHP is to send a text email.In the example below we first declare the variables ($to, $subject, $message, $from, $headers), then we use the variables in the mail() function to send an e-mail: PHP Mail FormWith PHP, you can create a feedback-form on your website. The example below sends a text message to a specified e-mail address: Email:
Subject:
Message:
"; }?> This is how the example above works: First, check if the email input field is filled out If it is not set (like when the page is first visited); output the HTML form If it is set (after the form is filled out); send the email from the form When submit is pressed after the form is filled out, the page reloads, sees that the email input is set, and sends the email Note: This is the simplest way to send e-mail, but it is not secure. In the next chapter of this tutorial you can read more about vulnerabilities in e-mail scripts, and how to validate user input to make it more secure.PHP Secure E-mailsThere is a weakness in the PHP e-mail script in the previous chapter.PHP E-mail InjectionsFirst, look at the PHP code from the previous chapter: Email:
Subject:
Message:
"; }?> The problem with the code above is that unauthorized users can insert data into the mail headers via the input form.What happens if the user adds the following text to the email input field in the form?someone@example.com%0ACc:person2@example.com%0ABcc:person3@example.com,person3@example.com,anotherperson4@example.com,person5@example.com%0ABTo:person6@example.com The mail() function puts the text above into the mail headers as usual, and now the header has an extra Cc:, Bcc:, and To: field. When the user clicks the submit button, the e-mail will be sent to all of the addresses above!PHP Stopping E-mail InjectionsThe best way to stop e-mail injections is to validate the input.The code below is the same as in the previous chapter, but now we have added an input validator that checks the email field in the form: Email:
Subject:
Message:
"; }?> In the code above we use PHP filters to validate input:The FILTER_SANITIZE_EMAIL filter removes all illegal e-mail characters from a string The FILTER_VALIDATE_EMAIL filter validates value as an e-mail address PHP Error HandlingThe default error handling in PHP is very simple. An error message with filename, line number and a message describing the error is sent to the browser.PHP Error HandlingWhen creating scripts and web applications, error handling is an important part. If your code lacks error checking code, your program may look very unprofessional and you may be open to security risks.This tutorial contains some of the most common error checking methods in PHP.We will show different error handling methods:Simple "die()" statements Custom errors and error triggers Error reporting Basic Error Handling: Using the die() functionThe first example shows a simple script that opens a text file: If the file does not exist you might get an error like this:Warning: fopen(welcome.txt) [function.fopen]: failed to open stream:No such file or directory in C:\webfolder\test.php on line 2 To avoid that the user gets an error message like the one above, we test if the file exist before we try to access it: Now if the file does not exist you get an error like this:File not found The code above is more efficient than the earlier code, because it uses a simple error handling mechanism to stop the script after the error.However, simply stopping the script is not always the right way to go. Let's take a look at alternative PHP functions for handling errors.Creating a Custom Error HandlerCreating a custom error handler is quite simple. We simply create a special function that can be called when an error occurs in PHP.This function must be able to handle a minimum of two parameters (error level and error message) but can accept up to five parameters (optionally: file, line-number, and the error context): Syntaxerror_function(error_level,error_message,error_file,error_line,error_context) ParameterDescriptionerror_levelRequired. Specifies the error report level for the user-defined error. Must be a value number. See table below for possible error report levelserror_messageRequired. Specifies the error message for the user-defined errorerror_fileOptional. Specifies the filename in which the error occurrederror_lineOptional. Specifies the line number in which the error occurrederror_contextOptional. Specifies an array containing every variable, and their values, in use when the error occurredError Report levelsThese error report levels are the different types of error the user-defined error handler can be used for:ValueConstantDescription2E_WARNINGNon-fatal run-time errors. Execution of the script is not halted8E_NOTICERun-time notices. The script found something that might be an error, but could also happen when running a script normally256E_USER_ERRORFatal user-generated error. This is like an E_ERROR set by the programmer using the PHP function trigger_error()512E_USER_WARNINGNon-fatal user-generated warning. This is like an E_WARNING set by the programmer using the PHP function trigger_error()1024E_USER_NOTICEUser-generated notice. This is like an E_NOTICE set by the programmer using the PHP function trigger_error()4096E_RECOVERABLE_ERRORCatchable fatal error. This is like an E_ERROR but can be caught by a user defined handle (see also set_error_handler())8191E_ALLAll errors and warnings, except level E_STRICT (E_STRICT will be part of E_ALL as of PHP 6.0)Now lets create a function to handle errors:function customError($errno, $errstr) { echo "Error: [$errno] $errstr
"; echo "Ending Script"; die(); } The code above is a simple error handling function. When it is triggered, it gets the error level and an error message. It then outputs the error level and message and terminates the script.Now that we have created an error handling function we need to decide when it should be triggered.Set Error HandlerThe default error handler for PHP is the built in error handler. We are going to make the function above the default error handler for the duration of the script.It is possible to change the error handler to apply for only some errors, that way the script can handle different errors in different ways. However, in this example we are going to use our custom error handler for all errors:set_error_handler("customError"); Since we want our custom function to handle all errors, the set_error_handler() only needed one parameter, a second parameter could be added to specify an error level.ExampleTesting the error handler by trying to output variable that does not exist:Error: [$errno] $errstr"; }//set error handlerset_error_handler("customError");//trigger errorecho($test);?> The output of the code above should be something like this:Error: [8] Undefined variable: test Trigger an ErrorIn a script where users can input data it is useful to trigger errors when an illegal input occurs. In PHP, this is done by the trigger_error() function.ExampleIn this example an error occurs if the "test" variable is bigger than "1":1){trigger_error("Value must be 1 or below");}?> The output of the code above should be something like this:Notice: Value must be 1 or belowin C:\webfolder\test.php on line 6 An error can be triggered anywhere you wish in a script, and by adding a second parameter, you can specify what error level is triggered.Possible error types:E_USER_ERROR - Fatal user-generated run-time error. Errors that can not be recovered from. Execution of the script is halted E_USER_WARNING - Non-fatal user-generated run-time warning. Execution of the script is not halted E_USER_NOTICE - Default. User-generated run-time notice. The script found something that might be an error, but could also happen when running a script normally ExampleIn this example an E_USER_WARNING occurs if the "test" variable is bigger than "1". If an E_USER_WARNING occurs we will use our custom error handler and end the script:Error: [$errno] $errstr
"; echo "Ending Script"; die(); }//set error handlerset_error_handler("customError",E_USER_WARNING);//trigger error$test=2;if ($test>1) { trigger_error("Value must be 1 or below",E_USER_WARNING); }?> The output of the code above should be something like this:Error: [512] Value must be 1 or belowEnding Script Now that we have learned to create our own errors and how to trigger them, lets take a look at error logging.Error LoggingBy default, PHP sends an error log to the servers logging system or a file, depending on how the error_log configuration is set in the php.ini file. By using the error_log() function you can send error logs to a specified file or a remote destination.Sending errors messages to yourself by e-mail can be a good way of getting notified of specific errors.Send an Error Message by E-MailIn the example below we will send an e-mail with an error message and end the script, if a specific error occurs:Error: [$errno] $errstr
"; echo "Webmaster has been notified"; error_log("Error: [$errno] $errstr",1, "someone@example.com","From: webmaster@example.com"); }//set error handlerset_error_handler("customError",E_USER_WARNING);//trigger error$test=2;if ($test>1) { trigger_error("Value must be 1 or below",E_USER_WARNING); }?> The output of the code above should be something like this:Error: [512] Value must be 1 or belowWebmaster has been notified And the mail received from the code above looks like this:Error: [512] Value must be 1 or below This should not be used with all errors. Regular errors should be logged on the server using the default PHP logging system.PHP Exception HandlingExceptions are used to change the normal flow of a script if a specified error occursWhat is an ExceptionWith PHP 5 came a new object oriented way of dealing with errors.Exception handling is used to change the normal flow of the code execution if a specified error (exceptional) condition occurs. This condition is called an exception.This is what normally happens when an exception is triggered:The current code state is saved The code execution will switch to a predefined (custom) exception handler function Depending on the situation, the handler may then resume the execution from the saved code state, terminate the script execution or continue the script from a different location in the code We will show different error handling methods:Basic use of Exceptions Creating a custom exception handler Multiple exceptions Re-throwing an exception Setting a top level exception handler Note: Exceptions should only be used with error conditions, and should not be used to jump to another place in the code at a specified point.Basic Use of ExceptionsWhen an exception is thrown, the code following it will not be executed, and PHP will try to find the matching "catch" block.If an exception is not caught, a fatal error will be issued with an "Uncaught Exception" message.Lets try to throw an exception without catching it:1) { throw new Exception("Value must be 1 or below"); } return true; }//trigger exceptioncheckNum(2);?> The code above will get an error like this:Fatal error: Uncaught exception 'Exception'with message 'Value must be 1 or below' in C:\webfolder\test.php:6Stack trace: #0 C:\webfolder\test.php(12):checkNum(28) #1 {main} thrown in C:\webfolder\test.php on line 6 Try, throw and catchTo avoid the error from the example above, we need to create the proper code to handle an exception. Proper exception code should include:Try - A function using an exception should be in a "try" block. If the exception does not trigger, the code will continue as normal. However if the exception triggers, an exception is "thrown" Throw - This is how you trigger an exception. Each "throw" must have at least one "catch" Catch - A "catch" block retrieves an exception and creates an object containing the exception information Lets try to trigger an exception with valid code:1) { throw new Exception("Value must be 1 or below"); } return true; }//trigger exception in a "try" blocktry { checkNum(2); //If the exception is thrown, this text will not be shown echo 'If you see this, the number is 1 or below'; }//catch exceptioncatch(Exception $e) { echo 'Message: ' .$e->getMessage(); }?> The code above will get an error like this:Message: Value must be 1 or below Example explained:The code above throws an exception and catches it:The checkNum() function is created. It checks if a number is greater than 1. If it is, an exception is thrown The checkNum() function is called in a "try" block The exception within the checkNum() function is thrown The "catch" block retrives the exception and creates an object ($e) containing the exception information The error message from the exception is echoed by calling $e->getMessage() from the exception object However, one way to get around the "every throw must have a catch" rule is to set a top level exception handler to handle errors that slip through.Creating a Custom Exception ClassCreating a custom exception handler is quite simple. We simply create a special class with functions that can be called when an exception occurs in PHP. The class must be an extension of the exception class.The custom exception class inherits the properties from PHP's exception class and you can add custom functions to it.Lets create an exception class:getLine().' in '.$this->getFile() .': '.$this->getMessage().' is not a valid E-Mail address'; return $errorMsg; } }$email = "someone@example...com";try { //check if if(filter_var($email, FILTER_VALIDATE_EMAIL) === FALSE) { //throw exception if email is not valid throw new customException($email); } }catch (customException $e) { //display custom message echo $e->errorMessage(); }?> The new class is a copy of the old exception class with an addition of the errorMessage() function. Since it is a copy of the old class, and it inherits the properties and methods from the old class, we can use the exception class methods like getLine() and getFile() and getMessage().Example explained:The code above throws an exception and catches it with a custom exception class:The customException() class is created as an extension of the old exception class. This way it inherits all methods and properties from the old exception class The errorMessage() function is created. This function returns an error message if an e-mail address is invalid The $email variable is set to a string that is not a valid e-mail address The "try" block is executed and an exception is thrown since the e-mail address is invalid The "catch" block catches the exception and displays the error message Multiple ExceptionsIt is possible for a script to use multiple exceptions to check for multiple conditions.It is possible to use several if..else blocks, a switch, or nest multiple exceptions. These exceptions can use different exception classes and return different error messages:getLine().' in '.$this->getFile().': '.$this->getMessage().' is not a valid E-Mail address';return $errorMsg;}}$email = "someone@example.com";try { //check if if(filter_var($email, FILTER_VALIDATE_EMAIL) === FALSE) { //throw exception if email is not valid throw new customException($email); } //check for "example" in mail address if(strpos($email, "example") !== FALSE) { throw new Exception("$email is an example e-mail"); } }catch (customException $e) { echo $e->errorMessage(); }catch(Exception $e) { echo $e->getMessage(); }?> Example explained:The code above tests two conditions and throws an exception if any of the conditions are not met:The customException() class is created as an extension of the old exception class. This way it inherits all methods and properties from the old exception class The errorMessage() function is created. This function returns an error message if an e-mail address is invalid The $email variable is set to a string that is a valid e-mail address, but contains the string "example" The "try" block is executed and an exception is not thrown on the first condition The second condition triggers an exception since the e-mail contains the string "example" The "catch" block catches the exception and displays the correct error message If there was no customException catch, only the base exception catch, the exception would be handled thereRe-throwing ExceptionsSometimes, when an exception is thrown, you may wish to handle it differently than the standard way. It is possible to throw an exception a second time within a "catch" block.A script should hide system errors from users. System errors may be important for the coder, but is of no interest to the user. To make things easier for the user you can re-throw the exception with a user friendly message:getMessage().' is not a valid E-Mail address.'; return $errorMsg; } }$email = "someone@example.com";try { try { //check for "example" in mail address if(strpos($email, "example") !== FALSE) { //throw exception if email is not valid throw new Exception($email); } } catch(Exception $e) { //re-throw exception throw new customException($email); } }catch (customException $e) { //display custom message echo $e->errorMessage(); }?> Example explained:The code above tests if the email-address contains the string "example" in it, if it does, the exception is re-thrown:The customException() class is created as an extension of the old exception class. This way it inherits all methods and properties from the old exception class The errorMessage() function is created. This function returns an error message if an e-mail address is invalid The $email variable is set to a string that is a valid e-mail address, but contains the string "example" The "try" block contains another "try" block to make it possible to re-throw the exception The exception is triggered since the e-mail contains the string "example" The "catch" block catches the exception and re-throws a "customException" The "customException" is caught and displays an error message If the exception is not caught in its current "try" block, it will search for a catch block on "higher levels".Set a Top Level Exception HandlerThe set_exception_handler() function sets a user-defined function to handle all uncaught exceptions. Exception: " , $exception->getMessage();}set_exception_handler('myException');throw new Exception('Uncaught Exception occurred');?> The output of the code above should be something like this:Exception: Uncaught Exception occurred In the code above there was no "catch" block. Instead, the top level exception handler triggered. This function should be used to catch uncaught exceptions.Rules for exceptionsCode may be surrounded in a try block, to help catch potential exceptions Each try block or "throw" must have at least one corresponding catch block Multiple catch blocks can be used to catch different classes of exceptions Exceptions can be thrown (or re-thrown) in a catch block within a try blockPHP FilterPHP filters are used to validate and filter data coming from insecure sources, like user input.What is a PHP Filter? A PHP filter is used to validate and filter data coming from insecure sources.To test, validate and filter user input or custom data is an important part of any web application.The PHP filter extension is designed to make data filtering easier and quicker.Why use a Filter?Almost all web applications depend on external input. Usually this comes from a user or another application (like a web service). By using filters you can be sure your application gets the correct input type.You should always filter all external data!Input filtering is one of the most important application security issues.What is external data?Input data from a form Cookies Web services data Server variables Database query results Functions and FiltersTo filter a variable, use one of the following filter functions:filter_var() - Filters a single variable with a specified filter filter_var_array() - Filter several variables with the same or different filters filter_input - Get one input variable and filter it filter_input_array - Get several input variables and filter them with the same or different filters In the example below, we validate an integer using the filter_var() function: The code above uses the "FILTER_VALIDATE_INT" filter to filter the variable. Since the integer is valid, the output of the code above will be: "Integer is valid".If we try with a variable that is not an integer (like "123abc"), the output will be: "Integer is not valid".Validating and SanitizingThere are two kinds of filters:Validating filters:Are used to validate user input Strict format rules (like URL or E-Mail validating) Returns the expected type on success or FALSE on failure Sanitizing filters:Are used to allow or disallow specified characters in a string No data format rules Always return the string Options and FlagsOptions and flags are used to add additional filtering options to the specified filters.Different filters have different options and flags. In the example below, we validate an integer using the filter_var() and the "min_range" and "max_range" options:array ( "min_range"=>0, "max_range"=>256 ));if(!filter_var($var, FILTER_VALIDATE_INT, $int_options)) { echo("Integer is not valid"); }else { echo("Integer is valid"); }?> Like the code above, options must be put in an associative array with the name "options". If a flag is used it does not need to be in an array.Since the integer is "300" it is not in the specified range, and the output of the code above will be: "Integer is not valid".For a complete list of functions and filters, visit our PHP Filter Reference. Check each filter to see what options and flags are available.Validate InputLet's try validating input from a form.The first thing we need to do is to confirm that the input data we are looking for exists.Then we filter the input data using the filter_input() function.In the example below, the input variable "email" is sent to the PHP page: Example ExplainedThe example above has an input (email) sent to it using the "GET" method:Check if an "email" input variable of the "GET" type exist If the input variable exists, check if it is a valid e-mail address Sanitize InputLet's try cleaning up an URL sent from a form.First we confirm that the input data we are looking for exists.Then we sanitize the input data using the filter_input() function.In the example below, the input variable "url" is sent to the PHP page: Example ExplainedThe example above has an input (url) sent to it using the "POST" method:Check if the "url" input of the "POST" type exists If the input variable exists, sanitize (take away invalid characters) and store it in the $url variable If the input variable is a string like this "http://www.W3ååSchøøools.com/", the $url variable after the sanitizing will look like this:http://www.W3Schools.com/ Filter Multiple InputsA form almost always consist of more than one input field. To avoid calling the filter_var or filter_input functions over and over, we can use the filter_var_array or the filter_input_array functions.In this example we use the filter_input_array() function to filter three GET variables. The received GET variables is a name, an age and an e-mail address: array ( "filter"=>FILTER_SANITIZE_STRING ), "age" => array ( "filter"=>FILTER_VALIDATE_INT, "options"=>array ( "min_range"=>1, "max_range"=>120 ) ), "email"=> FILTER_VALIDATE_EMAIL, );$result = filter_input_array(INPUT_GET, $filters);if (!$result["age"]) { echo("Age must be a number between 1 and 120.
"); }elseif(!$result["email"]) { echo("E-Mail is not valid.
"); }else { echo("User input is valid"); }?> Example ExplainedThe example above has three inputs (name, age and email) sent to it using the "GET" method:Set an array containing the name of input variables and the filters used on the specified input variables Call the filter_input_array() function with the GET input variables and the array we just set Check the "age" and "email" variables in the $result variable for invalid inputs. (If any of the input variables are invalid, that input variable will be FALSE after the filter_input_array() function) The second parameter of the filter_input_array() function can be an array or a single filter ID.If the parameter is a single filter ID all values in the input array are filtered by the specified filter.If the parameter is an array it must follow these rules:Must be an associative array containing an input variable as an array key (like the "age" input variable) The array value must be a filter ID or an array specifying the filter, flags and options Using Filter CallbackIt is possible to call a user defined function and use it as a filter using the FILTER_CALLBACK filter. This way, we have full control of the data filtering.You can create your own user defined function or use an existing PHP functionThe function you wish to use to filter is specified the same way as an option is specified. In an associative array with the name "options"In the example below, we use a user created function to convert all "_" to whitespaces:"convertSpace"));?> The result from the code above should look like this:Peter is a great guy! Example ExplainedThe example above converts all "_" to whitespaces:Create a function to replace "_" to whitespaces Call the filter_var() function with the FILTER_CALLBACK filter and an array containing our function PHP MySQL IntroductionMySQL is the most popular open-source database system.What is MySQL?MySQL is a database.The data in MySQL is stored in database objects called tables.A table is a collections of related data entries and it consists of columns and rows.Databases are useful when storing information categorically. A company may have a database with the following tables: "Employees", "Products", "Customers" and "Orders".Database TablesA database most often contains one or more tables. Each table is identified by a name (e.g. "Customers" or "Orders"). Tables contain records (rows) with data.Below is an example of a table called "Persons":LastNameFirstNameAddressCityHansenOlaTimoteivn 10SandnesSvendsonToveBorgvn 23SandnesPettersenKariStorgt 20StavangerThe table above contains three records (one for each person) and four columns (LastName, FirstName, Address, and City).QueriesA query is a question or a request.With MySQL, we can query a database for specific information and have a recordset returned.Look at the following query:SELECT LastName FROM Persons The query above selects all the data in the "LastName" column from the "Persons" table, and will return a recordset like this: LastNameHansenSvendsonPettersenPHP MySQL Connect to a DatabaseThe free MySQL database is very often used with PHP.Create a Connection to a MySQL DatabaseBefore you can access data in a database, you must create a connection to the database.In PHP, this is done with the mysql_connect() function.Syntaxmysql_connect(servername,username,password); ParameterDescriptionservernameOptional. Specifies the server to connect to. Default value is "localhost:3306"usernameOptional. Specifies the username to log in with. Default value is the name of the user that owns the server processpasswordOptional. Specifies the password to log in with. Default is ""ExampleIn the following example we store the connection in a variable ($con) for later use in the script. The "die" part will be executed if the connection fails: Closing a ConnectionThe connection will be closed automatically when the script ends. To close the connection before, use the mysql_close() function: PHP MySQL Create Database and TablesA database holds one or multiple tables.Create a DatabaseThe CREATE DATABASE statement is used to create a database in MySQL.SyntaxCREATE DATABASE database_name To get PHP to execute the statement above we must use the mysql_query() function. This function is used to send a query or command to a MySQL connection.ExampleThe following example creates a database called "my_db": Create a TableThe CREATE TABLE statement is used to create a table in MySQL.SyntaxCREATE TABLE table_name(column_name1 data_type,column_name2 data_type,column_name3 data_type,....) To learn more about SQL, please visit our SQL tutorial.We must add the CREATE TABLE statement to the mysql_query() function to execute the command.ExampleThe following example creates a table named "Persons", with three columns. The column names will be "FirstName", "LastName" and "Age": Important: A database must be selected before a table can be created. The database is selected with the mysql_select_db() function.Note: When you create a database field of type varchar, you must specify the maximum length of the field, e.g. varchar(15).The data type specifies what type of data the column can hold. For a complete reference of all the data types available in MySQL, go to our complete Data Types reference.Primary Keys and Auto Increment FieldsEach table should have a primary key field.A primary key is used to uniquely identify the rows in a table. Each primary key value must be unique within the table. Furthermore, the primary key field cannot be null because the database engine requires a value to locate the record.The following example sets the personID field as the primary key field. The primary key field is often an ID number, and is often used with the AUTO_INCREMENT setting. AUTO_INCREMENT automatically increases the value of the field by 1 each time a new record is added. To ensure that the primary key field cannot be null, we must add the NOT NULL setting to the field.Example$sql = "CREATE TABLE Persons (personID int NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT, PRIMARY KEY(personID),FirstName varchar(15),LastName varchar(15),Age int)";mysql_query($sql,$con); PHP MySQL Insert IntoThe INSERT INTO statement is used to insert new records in a table.Insert Data Into a Database TableThe INSERT INTO statement is used to add new records to a database table.SyntaxIt is possible to write the INSERT INTO statement in two forms. The first form doesn't specify the column names where the data will be inserted, only their values:INSERT INTO table_nameVALUES (value1, value2, value3,...) The second form specifies both the column names and the values to be inserted:INSERT INTO table_name (column1, column2, column3,...)VALUES (value1, value2, value3,...) To get PHP to execute the statements above we must use the mysql_query() function. This function is used to send a query or command to a MySQL connection.ExampleIn the previous chapter we created a table named "Persons", with three columns; "Firstname", "Lastname" and "Age". We will use the same table in this example. The following example adds two new records to the "Persons" table: Insert Data From a Form Into a DatabaseNow we will create an HTML form that can be used to add new records to the "Persons" table.Here is the HTML form: When a user clicks the submit button in the HTML form in the example above, the form data is sent to "insert.php".The "insert.php" file connects to a database, and retrieves the values from the form with the PHP $_POST variables.Then, the mysql_query() function executes the INSERT INTO statement, and a new record will be added to the "Persons" table.Here is the "insert.php" page: PHP MySQL SelectThe SELECT statement is used to select data from a database.Select Data From a Database TableThe SELECT statement is used to select data from a database.SyntaxSELECT column_name(s)FROM table_name To learn more about SQL, please visit our SQL tutorial.To get PHP to execute the statement above we must use the mysql_query() function. This function is used to send a query or command to a MySQL connection.ExampleThe following example selects all the data stored in the "Persons" table (The * character selects all the data in the table):"; }mysql_close($con);?> The example above stores the data returned by the mysql_query() function in the $result variable.Next, we use the mysql_fetch_array() function to return the first row from the recordset as an array. Each call to mysql_fetch_array() returns the next row in the recordset. The while loop loops through all the records in the recordset. To print the value of each row, we use the PHP $row variable ($row['FirstName'] and $row['LastName']).The output of the code above will be:Peter GriffinGlenn Quagmire Display the Result in an HTML TableThe following example selects the same data as the example above, but will display the data in an HTML table:| Firstname | Lastname |
|---|
";while($row = mysql_fetch_array($result)) { echo ""; echo "| " . $row['FirstName'] . " | "; echo "" . $row['LastName'] . " | "; echo "
"; }echo "";mysql_close($con);?> The output of the code above will be:FirstnameLastnameGlennQuagmirePeterGriffinPHP MySQL The Where ClauseThe WHERE clause is used to filter records.The WHERE clauseThe WHERE clause is used to extract only those records that fulfill a specified criterion.SyntaxSELECT column_name(s)FROM table_nameWHERE column_name operator value To get PHP to execute the statement above we must use the mysql_query() function. This function is used to send a query or command to a MySQL connection.ExampleThe following example selects all rows from the "Persons" table where "FirstName='Peter':"; }?> The output of the code above will be:Peter Griffin PHP MySQL Order By KeywordThe ORDER BY keyword is used to sort the data in a recordset.The ORDER BY KeywordThe ORDER BY keyword is used to sort the data in a recordset.The ORDER BY keyword sort the records in ascending order by default.If you want to sort the records in a descending order, you can use the DESC keyword.SyntaxSELECT column_name(s)FROM table_nameORDER BY column_name(s) ASC|DESC ExampleThe following example selects all the data stored in the "Persons" table, and sorts the result by the "Age" column:"; }mysql_close($con);?> The output of the code above will be:Glenn Quagmire 33Peter Griffin 35 Order by Two ColumnsIt is also possible to order by more than one column. When ordering by more than one column, the second column is only used if the values in the first column are equal:SELECT column_name(s)FROM table_nameORDER BY column1, column2 PHP MySQL UpdateThe UPDATE statement is used to modify data in a table.Update Data In a DatabaseThe UPDATE statement is used to update existing records in a table.SyntaxUPDATE table_nameSET column1=value, column2=value2,...WHERE some_column=some_value Note: Notice the WHERE clause in the UPDATE syntax. The WHERE clause specifies which record or records that should be updated. If you omit the WHERE clause, all records will be updated! To get PHP to execute the statement above we must use the mysql_query() function. This function is used to send a query or command to a MySQL connection.ExampleEarlier in the tutorial we created a table named "Persons". Here is how it looks:FirstNameLastNameAgePeterGriffin35GlennQuagmire33The following example updates some data in the "Persons" table: After the update, the "Persons" table will look like this:FirstNameLastNameAgePeterGriffin36GlennQuagmire33PHP MySQL DeleteThe DELETE statement is used to delete records in a table.Delete Data In a DatabaseThe DELETE FROM statement is used to delete records from a database table.SyntaxDELETE FROM table_nameWHERE some_column = some_value Note: Notice the WHERE clause in the DELETE syntax. The WHERE clause specifies which record or records that should be deleted. If you omit the WHERE clause, all records will be deleted! To get PHP to execute the statement above we must use the mysql_query() function. This function is used to send a query or command to a MySQL connection.ExampleLook at the following "Persons" table:FirstNameLastNameAgePeterGriffin35GlennQuagmire33The following example deletes all the records in the "Persons" table where LastName='Griffin': After the deletion, the table will look like this:FirstNameLastNameAgeGlennQuagmire33PHP Database ODBCODBC is an Application Programming Interface (API) that allows you to connect to a data source (e.g. an MS Access database).Create an ODBC ConnectionWith an ODBC connection, you can connect to any database, on any computer in your network, as long as an ODBC connection is available.Here is how to create an ODBC connection to a MS Access Database: Open the Administrative Tools icon in your Control Panel. Double-click on the Data Sources (ODBC) icon inside. Choose the System DSN tab. Click on Add in the System DSN tab. Select the Microsoft Access Driver. Click Finish. In the next screen, click Select to locate the database. Give the database a Data Source Name (DSN). Click OK. Note that this configuration has to be done on the computer where your web site is located. If you are running Internet Information Server (IIS) on your own computer, the instructions above will work, but if your web site is located on a remote server, you have to have physical access to that server, or ask your web host to to set up a DSN for you to use.Connecting to an ODBCThe odbc_connect() function is used to connect to an ODBC data source. The function takes four parameters: the data source name, username, password, and an optional cursor type.The odbc_exec() function is used to execute an SQL statement.ExampleThe following example creates a connection to a DSN called northwind, with no username and no password. It then creates an SQL and executes it:$conn=odbc_connect('northwind','','');$sql="SELECT * FROM customers";$rs=odbc_exec($conn,$sql); Retrieving RecordsThe odbc_fetch_row() function is used to return records from the result-set. This function returns true if it is able to return rows, otherwise false.The function takes two parameters: the ODBC result identifier and an optional row number:odbc_fetch_row($rs) Retrieving Fields from a RecordThe odbc_result() function is used to read fields from a record. This function takes two parameters: the ODBC result identifier and a field number or name.The code line below returns the value of the first field from the record: $compname=odbc_result($rs,1); The code line below returns the value of a field called "CompanyName": $compname=odbc_result($rs,"CompanyName"); Closing an ODBC ConnectionThe odbc_close() function is used to close an ODBC connection.odbc_close($conn); An ODBC ExampleThe following example shows how to first create a database connection, then a result-set, and then display the data in an HTML table.";echo "| Companyname | ";echo "Contactname |
";while (odbc_fetch_row($rs)) { $compname=odbc_result($rs,"CompanyName"); $conname=odbc_result($rs,"ContactName"); echo "| $compname | "; echo "$conname |
"; }odbc_close($conn);echo "";?> PHP XML Expat ParserThe built-in Expat parser makes it possible to process XML documents in PHP.What is XML?XML is used to describe data and to focus on what data is. An XML file describes the structure of the data.In XML, no tags are predefined. You must define your own tags.If you want to learn more about XML, please visit our XML tutorial.What is Expat?To read and update - create and manipulate - an XML document, you will need an XML parser.There are two basic types of XML parsers:Tree-based parser: This parser transforms an XML document into a tree structure. It analyzes the whole document, and provides access to the tree elements. e.g. the Document Object Model (DOM) Event-based parser: Views an XML document as a series of events. When a specific event occurs, it calls a function to handle it The Expat parser is an event-based parser.Event-based parsers focus on the content of the XML documents, not their structure. Because of this, event-based parsers can access data faster than tree-based parsers.Look at the following XML fraction:Jani An event-based parser reports the XML above as a series of three events: Start element: from Start CDATA section, value: Jani Close element: from The XML example above contains well-formed XML. However, the example is not valid XML, because there is no Document Type Definition (DTD) associated with it.However, this makes no difference when using the Expat parser. Expat is a non-validating parser, and ignores any DTDs.As an event-based, non-validating XML parser, Expat is fast and small, and a perfect match for PHP web applications.Note: XML documents must be well-formed or Expat will generate an error.InstallationThe XML Expat parser functions are part of the PHP core. There is no installation needed to use these functions.An XML FileThe XML file below will be used in our example:ToveJaniReminderDon't forget me this weekend! Initializing the XML ParserWe want to initialize the XML parser in PHP, define some handlers for different XML events, and then parse the XML file.Example"; break; case "TO": echo "To: "; break; case "FROM": echo "From: "; break; case "HEADING": echo "Heading: "; break; case "BODY": echo "Message: "; } }//Function to use at the end of an elementfunction stop($parser,$element_name) { echo "
"; }//Function to use when finding character datafunction char($parser,$data) { echo $data; }//Specify element handlerxml_set_element_handler($parser,"start","stop");//Specify data handlerxml_set_character_data_handler($parser,"char");//Open XML file$fp=fopen("test.xml","r");//Read datawhile ($data=fread($fp,4096)) { xml_parse($parser,$data,feof($fp)) or die (sprintf("XML Error: %s at line %d", xml_error_string(xml_get_error_code($parser)), xml_get_current_line_number($parser))); }//Free the XML parserxml_parser_free($parser);?> The output of the code above will be:-- Note --To: ToveFrom: JaniHeading: ReminderMessage: Don't forget me this weekend! How it works:Initialize the XML parser with the xml_parser_create() function Create functions to use with the different event handlers Add the xml_set_element_handler() function to specify which function will be executed when the parser encounters the opening and closing tags Add the xml_set_character_data_handler() function to specify which function will execute when the parser encounters character data Parse the file "test.xml" with the xml_parse() function In case of an error, add xml_error_string() function to convert an XML error to a textual description Call the xml_parser_free() function to release the memory allocated with the xml_parser_create() function PHP XML DOMThe built-in DOM parser makes it possible to process XML documents in PHP.What is DOM?The W3C DOM provides a standard set of objects for HTML and XML documents, and a standard interface for accessing and manipulating them.The W3C DOM is separated into different parts (Core, XML, and HTML) and different levels (DOM Level 1/2/3):* Core DOM - defines a standard set of objects for any structured document* XML DOM - defines a standard set of objects for XML documents* HTML DOM - defines a standard set of objects for HTML documentsXML ParsingTo read and update - create and manipulate - an XML document, you will need an XML parser.There are two basic types of XML parsers:Tree-based parser: This parser transforms an XML document into a tree structure. It analyzes the whole document, and provides access to the tree elements Event-based parser: Views an XML document as a series of events. When a specific event occurs, it calls a function to handle it The DOM parser is an tree-based parser.Look at the following XML document fraction:Jani The XML DOM sees the XML above as a tree structure: Level 1: XML Document Level 2: Root element: Level 3: Text element: "Jani" InstallationThe DOM XML parser functions are part of the PHP core. There is no installation needed to use these functions.An XML FileThe XML file below will be used in our example:ToveJaniReminderDon't forget me this weekend! Load and Output XMLWe want to initialize the XML parser, load the xml, and output it:Exampleload("note.xml");print $xmlDoc->saveXML();?> The output of the code above will be:Tove Jani Reminder Don't forget me this weekend! If you select "View source" in the browser window, you will see the following HTML:ToveJaniReminderDon't forget me this weekend! The example above creates a DOMDocument-Object and loads the XML from "note.xml" into it.Then the saveXML() function puts the internal XML document into a string, so we can output it. Looping through XMLWe want to initialize the XML parser, load the XML, and loop through all elements of the element:Exampleload("note.xml");$x = $xmlDoc->documentElement;foreach ($x->childNodes AS $item) { print $item->nodeName . " = " . $item->nodeValue . "
"; }?> The output of the code above will be:#text = to = Tove#text = from = Jani#text = heading = Reminder#text = body = Don't forget me this weekend!#text = In the example above you see that there are empty text nodes between each element.When XML generates, it often contains white-spaces between the nodes. The XML DOM parser treats these as ordinary elements, and if you are not aware of them, they sometimes cause problems.PHP SimpleXMLSimpleXML handles the most common XML tasks and leaves the rest for other extensions.What is SimpleXML?SimpleXML is new in PHP 5. It is an easy way of getting an element's attributes and text, if you know the XML document's layout.Compared to DOM or the Expat parser, SimpleXML just takes a few lines of code to read text data from an element. SimpleXML converts the XML document into an object, like this:Elements - Are converted to single attributes of the SimpleXMLElement object. When there's more than one element on one level, they're placed inside an array Attributes - Are accessed using associative arrays, where an index corresponds to the attribute name Element Data - Text data from elements are converted to strings. If an element has more than one text node, they will be arranged in the order they are found SimpleXML is fast and easy to use when performing basic tasks like:Reading XML files Extracting data from XML strings Editing text nodes or attributes However, when dealing with advanced XML, like namespaces, you are better off using the Expat parser or the XML DOM.InstallationAs of PHP 5.0, the SimpleXML functions are part of the PHP core. There is no installation needed to use these functions.Using SimpleXMLBelow is an XML file:ToveJaniReminderDon't forget me this weekend! We want to output the element names and data from the XML file above.Here's what to do:Load the XML file Get the name of the first element Create a loop that will trigger on each child node, using the children() function Output the element name and data for each child node ExamplegetName() . "
";foreach($xml->children() as $child) { echo $child->getName() . ": " . $child . "
"; }?> The output of the code above will be:noteto: Tovefrom: Janiheading: Reminderbody: Don't forget me this weekend! AJAX IntroductionAJAX = Asynchronous JavaScript and XMLAJAX is not a new programming language, but a new technique for creating better, faster, and more interactive web applications.With AJAX, a JavaScript can communicate directly with the server, with the XMLHttpRequest object. With this object, a JavaScript can trade data with a web server, without reloading the page.AJAX uses asynchronous data transfer (HTTP requests) between the browser and the web server, allowing web pages to request small bits of information from the server instead of whole pages.The AJAX technique makes Internet applications smaller, faster and more user-friendly.AJAX is based on Internet standardsAJAX is based on the following web standards:JavaScript XML HTML CSS AJAX applications are browser- and platform-independent.AJAX is about better Internet-applicationsInternet-applications have many benefits over desktop applications; they can reach a larger audience, they are easier to install and support, and easier to develop.However, Internet-applications are not always as "rich" and user-friendly as traditional desktop applications. With AJAX, Internet applications can be made richer and more user-friendly.AJAX XMLHttpRequestThe keystone of AJAX is the XMLHttpRequest object.AJAX uses the XMLHttpRequest objectTo get or send information from/to a database or a file on the server with traditional JavaScript, you will have to make an HTML form, and a user will have to click the "Submit" button to send/get the information, wait for the server to respond, then a new page will load with the results. Because the server returns a new page each time the user submits input, traditional web applications can run slowly and tend to be less user-friendly.With AJAX, your JavaScript communicates directly with the server, through the JavaScript XMLHttpRequest object.With the XMLHttpRequest object, a web page can make a request to, and get a response from a web server - without reloading the page. The user will stay on the same page, and he or she will not notice that scripts request pages, or send data to a server in the background.The XMLHttpRequest object is supported in all major browsers (Internet Explorer, Firefox, Chrome, Opera, and Safari).AJAX - Browser supportAll new browsers use the built-in JavaScript XMLHttpRequest object to create an XMLHttpRequest object (IE5 and IE6 uses an ActiveXObject).The JavaScript code for creating an XMLHttpRequest object:if (window.XMLHttpRequest) { // code for IE7+, Firefox, Chrome, Opera, Safari return new XMLHttpRequest(); }if (window.ActiveXObject) { // code for IE6, IE5 return new ActiveXObject("Microsoft.XMLHTTP"); }The next chapter shows how to use the XMLHttpRequest object to communicate with a PHP server.PHP Example - AJAX SuggestAJAX can be used to create more interactive applications.AJAX Suggest exampleThe following AJAX example will demonstrate how a web page can communicate with a web server while a user enters data into an HTML form. Type a name in the input field below:First name: Suggestions: Example explained - The HTML pageThe HTML page contains a link to an external JavaScript, a simple HTML form, and a span element:Suggestions:
The HTML form above has an input field called "txt1". An event attribute for this field defines a function to be triggered by the onkeyup event. The paragraph below the form contains a span called "txtHint". The span is used as a placeholder for data retrieved from the web server.When a user inputs data, the function called "showHint()" is executed. The execution of the function is triggered by the "onkeyup" event. In other words: Each time a user moves the finger away from a keyboard key inside the input field, the function showHint is called.Example explained - The JavaScript codeThis is the JavaScript code, stored in the file "clienthint.js":var xmlhttpfunction showHint(str){if (str.length==0) { document.getElementById("txtHint").innerHTML=""; return; }xmlhttp=GetXmlHttpObject();if (xmlhttp==null) { alert ("Your browser does not support XMLHTTP!"); return; }var url="gethint.php";url=url+"?q="+str;url=url+"&sid="+Math.random();xmlhttp.onreadystatechange=stateChanged;xmlhttp.open("GET",url,true);xmlhttp.send(null);}function stateChanged(){if (xmlhttp.readyState==4) { document.getElementById("txtHint").innerHTML=xmlhttp.responseText; }}function GetXmlHttpObject(){if (window.XMLHttpRequest) { // code for IE7+, Firefox, Chrome, Opera, Safari return new XMLHttpRequest(); }if (window.ActiveXObject) { // code for IE6, IE5 return new ActiveXObject("Microsoft.XMLHTTP"); }return null;}The showHint() functionThe showHint() function above is executed every time a character is entered in the "txt1" input field.If there is input in the input field (str.length > 0), the showHint() function executes the following:Calls the GetXmlHttpObject() function to create an XMLHTTP object Defines the URL (filename) to send to the server Adds a parameter (q) to the URL with the content of the input field Adds a random number to prevent the server from using a cached file Each time the readyState property changes, the stateChanged() function will be executed Opens the XMLHTTP object with the given URL Sends an HTTP request to the server If the input field is empty, the function simply clears the content of the txtHint placeholder.The GetXmlHttpObject() functionThe showHint() function above calls a function named GetXmlHttpObject().The purpose of the GetXmlHttpObject() function is to solve the problem of creating different XMLHTTP objects for different browsers.The stateChanged() functionThe stateChanged() function executes every time the state of the XMLHTTP object changes.When the state changes to 4 ("complete"), the content of the txtHint placeholder is filled with the response text.Example explained - The PHP pageThe code in the "gethint.php" checks an array of names and returns the corresponding names to the client:0if (strlen($q) > 0) { $hint=""; for($i=0; $iIf there is any text sent from the JavaScript (strlen($q) > 0), the following happens:Find a name matching the characters sent from the JavaScript If no match were found, set the response string to "no suggestion" If one or more matching names were found, set the response string to all these names The response is sent to the "txtHint" placeholder PHP Example - AJAX and XMLAJAX can be used for interactive communication with an XML file.AJAX XML exampleThe following example will demonstrate how a web page can fetch information from an XML file with AJAX technology.Select a CD: CD info will be listed here...Example explained - The HTML pageThe HTML page contains a link to an external JavaScript, an HTML form, and a div element:CD info will be listed here...
As you can see it is just a simple HTML form with a simple drop down box called "cds".The below the form will be used as a placeholder for info retrieved from the web server.When the user selects data, a function called "showCD" is executed. The execution of the function is triggered by the "onchange" event. In other words: Each time the user change the value in the drop down box, the function showCD is called.Example explained - The JavaScript codeThis is the JavaScript code stored in the file "selectcd.js":var xmlhttpfunction showCD(str){xmlhttp=GetXmlHttpObject();if (xmlhttp==null) { alert ("Your browser does not support AJAX!"); return; }var url="getcd.php";url=url+"?q="+str;url=url+"&sid="+Math.random();xmlhttp.onreadystatechange=stateChanged;xmlhttp.open("GET",url,true);xmlhttp.send(null);}function stateChanged(){if (xmlhttp.readyState==4){document.getElementById("txtHint").innerHTML=xmlhttp.responseText;}}function GetXmlHttpObject(){if (window.XMLHttpRequest) { // code for IE7+, Firefox, Chrome, Opera, Safari return new XMLHttpRequest(); }if (window.ActiveXObject) { // code for IE6, IE5 return new ActiveXObject("Microsoft.XMLHTTP"); }return null;}The showCD() FunctionWhen a CD in the drop-down box is selected, the showCD() function executes the following:Calls the GetXmlHttpObject() function to create an XMLHTTP object Defines an URL (filename) to send to the server Adds a parameter (q) to the URL with the content of the drop-down box Adds a random number to prevent the server from using a cached file Each time the readyState property changes, the stateChanged() function will be executed Opens the XMLHTTP object with the given URL Sends an HTTP request to the server Example explained - The PHP PageThe server paged called by the JavaScript, is a PHP file called "getcd.php".The PHP script loads an XML document, "cd_catalog.xml", runs a query against the XML file, and returns the result as HTML:load("cd_catalog.xml");$x=$xmlDoc->getElementsByTagName('ARTIST');for ($i=0; $i<=$x->length-1; $i++){//Process only element nodesif ($x->item($i)->nodeType==1) { if ($x->item($i)->childNodes->item(0)->nodeValue == $q) { $y=($x->item($i)->parentNode); } }}$cd=($y->childNodes);for ($i=0;$i<$cd->length;$i++){ //Process only element nodesif ($cd->item($i)->nodeType==1) { echo("
" . $cd->item($i)->nodeName . ": "); echo($cd->item($i)->childNodes->item(0)->nodeValue); echo("
"); }}?> When the CD query is sent from the JavaScript to the PHP page, the following happens:PHP creates an XML DOM object Find all
elements that matches the name sent from the JavaScript Output the album information (send to the "txtHint" placeholder) PHP Example - AJAX and MySQLAJAX can be used for interactive communication with a database.AJAX database exampleThe following example will demonstrate how a web page can fetch information from a database with AJAX technology.Select a person: Person info will be listed here.Example explained - The MySQL DatabaseThe database table we use in this example looks like this:idFirstNameLastNameAgeHometownJob1PeterGriffin41QuahogBrewery2LoisGriffin40NewportPiano Teacher3JosephSwanson39QuahogPolice Officer4GlennQuagmire41QuahogPilotExample explained - The HTML pageThe HTML page contains a link to an external JavaScript, an HTML form, and a div element:
Person info will be listed here.
As you can see it is just a simple HTML form with a drop down box called "customers".The below the form will be used as a placeholder for info retrieved from the web server.When the user selects data, a function called "showUser()" is executed. The execution of the function is triggered by the "onchange" event. In other words: Each time the user change the value in the drop down box, the function showUser() is called.Example explained - The JavaScript codeThis is the JavaScript code stored in the file "selectuser.js":var xmlhttp;function showUser(str){xmlhttp=GetXmlHttpObject();if (xmlhttp==null) { alert ("Browser does not support HTTP Request"); return; }var url="getuser.php";url=url+"?q="+str;url=url+"&sid="+Math.random();xmlhttp.onreadystatechange=stateChanged;xmlhttp.open("GET",url,true);xmlhttp.send(null);}function stateChanged(){if (xmlhttp.readyState==4){document.getElementById("txtHint").innerHTML=xmlhttp.responseText;}}function GetXmlHttpObject(){if (window.XMLHttpRequest) { // code for IE7+, Firefox, Chrome, Opera, Safari return new XMLHttpRequest(); }if (window.ActiveXObject) { // code for IE6, IE5 return new ActiveXObject("Microsoft.XMLHTTP"); }return null;}The stateChanged() and GetXmlHttpObject functions are the same as in the PHP AJAX Suggest chapter, you can go to there for an explanation of those.The showUser() FunctionWhen a person in the drop-down box is selected, the showUser() function executes the following:Calls the GetXmlHttpObject() function to create an XMLHTTP object Defines an URL (filename) to send to the server Adds a parameter (q) to the URL with the content of the drop-down box Adds a random number to prevent the server from using a cached file Each time the readyState property changes, the stateChanged() function will be executed Opens the XMLHTTP object with the given URL Sends an HTTP request to the server Example explained - The PHP PageThe PHP page called by the JavaScript, is called "getuser.php".The PHP script runs an SQL query against a MySQL database, and returns the result as HTML:
| Firstname | Lastname | Age | Hometown | Job |
|---|
";while($row = mysql_fetch_array($result)) { echo "
"; echo "| " . $row['FirstName'] . " | "; echo "" . $row['LastName'] . " | "; echo "" . $row['Age'] . " | "; echo "" . $row['Hometown'] . " | "; echo "" . $row['Job'] . " | "; echo "
"; }echo "";mysql_close($con);?> When the query is sent from the JavaScript to the PHP page, the following happens:PHP opens a connection to a MySQL server The correct person is found An HTML table is created, and filled with data, and sent back to the "txtHint" placeholder PHP Example - responseXMLresponseText returns the HTTP response as a string.responseXML returns the response as XML.AJAX ResponseXML exampleThe ResponseXML property returns an XML document object, which can be examined and parsed using the DOM.The following example will demonstrate how a web page can fetch information from a database with AJAX technology. The selected data from the database will this time be converted to an XML document, and then we will use the DOM to extract the values to be displayed.This example might look equal to the "PHP AJAX and MySQL" example in the previous chapter. However, there is a big difference: this time we get the data from the PHP page as XML, with the responseXML function.Receiving the response as an XML document allows us to update this page several places, instead of just receiving an HTML output, and displaying it.In this example we will update several
elements with the information we receive from the database.Select a User: Example explained - The MySQL DatabaseThe database table we use in this example looks like this:idFirstNameLastNameAgeHometownJob1PeterGriffin41QuahogBrewery2LoisGriffin40NewportPiano Teacher3JosephSwanson39QuahogPolice Officer4GlennQuagmire41QuahogPilotExample explained - The HTML pageThe HTML page contains a link to an external JavaScript, an HTML form, and several elements:
The HTML form contains a drop-down box called "users", with id and names from the database table, as options The elements are placeholders for the values we will receive When a user is selected, a function called "showUser()" is executed (triggered by the "onchange" event) In other words: Each time a user changes the value in the drop-down box, the function showUser() is called, and outputs the result in the elements.Example explained - The JavaScript codeThis is the JavaScript code stored in the file "responsexml.js":var xmlhttp;function showUser(str){xmlhttp=GetXmlHttpObject();if (xmlhttp==null) { alert ("Browser does not support HTTP Request"); return; }var url="responsexml.php";url=url+"?q="+str;url=url+"&sid="+Math.random();xmlhttp.onreadystatechange=stateChanged;xmlhttp.open("GET",url,true);xmlhttp.send(null);}function stateChanged(){if (xmlhttp.readyState==4) { xmlDoc=xmlhttp.responseXML; document.getElementById("firstname").innerHTML= xmlDoc.getElementsByTagName("firstname")[0].childNodes[0].nodeValue; document.getElementById("lastname").innerHTML= xmlDoc.getElementsByTagName("lastname")[0].childNodes[0].nodeValue; document.getElementById("job").innerHTML= xmlDoc.getElementsByTagName("job")[0].childNodes[0].nodeValue; document.getElementById("age_text").innerHTML="Age: "; document.getElementById("age").innerHTML= xmlDoc.getElementsByTagName("age")[0].childNodes[0].nodeValue; document.getElementById("hometown_text").innerHTML="
From: "; document.getElementById("hometown").innerHTML= xmlDoc.getElementsByTagName("hometown")[0].childNodes[0].nodeValue; }}function GetXmlHttpObject(){if (window.XMLHttpRequest) { // code for IE7+, Firefox, Chrome, Opera, Safari return new XMLHttpRequest(); }if (window.ActiveXObject) { // code for IE6, IE5 return new ActiveXObject("Microsoft.XMLHTTP"); }return null;}The stateChanged() FunctionWhen an option in the drop-down box is selected, the function executes the following:Sets xmlDoc variable as an XML document, using the responseXML function Retrieves data from the XML document, and place it in the correct element Example explained - The PHP PageThe PHP page called by the JavaScript, is called "responsexml.php".The PHP script runs an SQL query against a MySQL database, and returns the result an XML document:';while($row = mysql_fetch_array($result)) { echo "" . $row['FirstName'] . ""; echo "" . $row['LastName'] . ""; echo "" . $row['Age'] . ""; echo "" . $row['Hometown'] . ""; echo "" . $row['Job'] . ""; }echo "";mysql_close($con);?> When the query is sent from the JavaScript to the PHP page, the following happens:Set the $q variable to the data sent in the q parameter Open a connection to a MySQL server The "user" with the specified id is found The data is outputted as an XML document PHP Example - AJAX Live SearchAJAX can be used for a more user-friendly and interactive search.AJAX Live SearchIn this example we will demonstrate a live search, where you get search results while you type.Live search has many benefits compared to traditional searching:Results are shown as you type Results narrow as you continue typing If results become too narrow, remove characters to see a broader result Search for a W3Schools page in the input field below:In the example above, the results are found in an XML document (links.xml). To make this example small and simple, only eight results are available.Example Explained - The HTML pageThe HTML page contains a link to an external JavaScript, some style definitions, an HTML form, and a div element: The HTML form works like this:An event is triggered when the user presses, and releases a key in the input field When the event is triggered, the function showResult() is executed The is a placeholder for the data returned from the showResult() function Example Explained - The JavaScript codeThis is the JavaScript code stored in the file "livesearch.js":var xmlhttp;function showResult(str){if (str.length==0) { document.getElementById("livesearch").innerHTML=""; document.getElementById("livesearch").style.border="0px"; return; }xmlhttp=GetXmlHttpObject()if (xmlhttp==null) { alert ("Your browser does not support XML HTTP Request"); return; }var url="livesearch.php";url=url+"?q="+str;url=url+"&sid="+Math.random();xmlhttp.onreadystatechange=stateChanged ;xmlhttp.open("GET",url,true);xmlhttp.send(null);}function stateChanged(){if (xmlhttp.readyState==4) { document.getElementById("livesearch").innerHTML=xmlhttp.responseText; document.getElementById("livesearch").style.border="1px solid #A5ACB2"; }}function GetXmlHttpObject(){if (window.XMLHttpRequest) { // code for IE7+, Firefox, Chrome, Opera, Safari return new XMLHttpRequest(); }if (window.ActiveXObject) { // code for IE6, IE5 return new ActiveXObject("Microsoft.XMLHTTP"); }return null;}The showResult() FunctionThis function executes every time a character is entered in the input field. If there is no input in the text field (str.length == 0), the function sets the return field to empty and removes the border around it. However, if there is any input in the text field, the function executes the following:Calls the GetXmlHttpObject() function to create an XMLHTTP object Defines the URL (filename) to send to the server Adds a parameter (q) to the URL with the content of the input field Adds a random number to prevent the server from using a cached file Each time the readyState property changes, the stateChanged() function will be executed Opens the XMLHTTP object with the given URL Sends an HTTP request to the server The stateChanged() FunctionThis function executes every time the state of the XMLHTTP object changes. When the state changes to 4 ("complete"), the content of the txtHint placeholder is filled with the response text, and a border is set around the field.Example Explained - The PHP pageThe PHP page called by the JavaScript code is called "livesearch.php".The code searches an XML file for titles matching the search string and returns the result as HTML:load("links.xml");$x=$xmlDoc->getElementsByTagName('link');//get the q parameter from URL$q=$_GET["q"];//lookup all links from the xml file if length of q>0if (strlen($q) > 0){$hint="";for($i=0; $i<($x->length); $i++) { $y=$x->item($i)->getElementsByTagName('title'); $z=$x->item($i)->getElementsByTagName('url'); if ($y->item(0)->nodeType==1) { //find a link matching the search text if (stristr($y->item(0)->childNodes->item(0)->nodeValue,$q)) { if ($hint=="") { $hint="
" . $y->item(0)->childNodes->item(0)->nodeValue . ""; } else { $hint=$hint . "
" . $y->item(0)->childNodes->item(0)->nodeValue . ""; } } } }}// Set output to "no suggestion" if no hint were found// or to the correct valuesif ($hint == "") { $response="no suggestion"; }else { $response=$hint; }//output the responseecho $response;?> If there is any text sent from the JavaScript (strlen($q) > 0), the following happens:PHP creates an XML DOM object of the "links.xml" file Loops through all
elements to find titles that match the text sent from the JavaScript Sets the correct link and title in the "$response" variable. If more than one match is found, all matches are added to the variable If no matches are found, the $response variable is set to "no suggestion" Output the $respone variable to the "livesearch" placeholder PHP Example - AJAX RSS ReaderAn RSS Reader is used to read RSS Feeds.AJAX RSS ReaderIn this example we will demonstrate an RSS reader, where the content from the RSS is loaded into a webpage without refreshing.Select an RSS-feed: RSS-feed will be listed here...Example Explained - The HTML pageThe HTML page contains a link to an external JavaScript, an HTML form, and a div element:<html><head><script type="text/javascript" src="getrss.js"></script></head><body><form>Select an RSS-feed:<select onchange="showRSS(this.value)"><option value="Google">Google News</option><option value="MSNBC">MSNBC News</option></select></form><p><div id="rssOutput"><b>RSS-feed will be listed here...</b></div></p></body></html> The HTML form works like this:An event is triggered when a user selects an option in the drop-down box When the event is triggered, the function showRSS() is executed The <div id="rssOutput"> is a placeholder for the data returned from the showRSS() function Example Explained - The JavaScript codeThis is the JavaScript code stored in the file "getrss.js":var xmlhttp;function showRSS(str) { xmlhttp=GetXmlHttpObject(); if (xmlhttp==null) { alert ("Your browser does not support XML HTTP Request"); return; } var url="getrss.php"; url=url+"?q="+str; url=url+"&sid="+Math.random(); xmlhttp.onreadystatechange=stateChanged; xmlhttp.open("GET",url,true); xmlhttp.send(null); }function stateChanged() { if (xmlhttp.readyState==4) { document.getElementById("rssOutput").innerHTML=xmlhttp.responseText; } }function GetXmlHttpObject(){if (window.XMLHttpRequest) { // code for IE7+, Firefox, Chrome, Opera, Safari return new XMLHttpRequest(); }if (window.ActiveXObject) { // code for IE6, IE5 return new ActiveXObject("Microsoft.XMLHTTP"); }return null;} The stateChanged() and GetXmlHttpObject functions are the same as in the PHP AJAX Suggest chapter.The showRSS() FunctionEvery time an option is selected in the input field, this function executes the following:Calls the GetXmlHttpObject() function to create an XMLHTTP object Defines the URL (filename) to send to the server Adds a parameter (q) to the URL with the selected option from the drop-down list Adds a random number to prevent the server from using a cached file Each time the readyState property changes, the stateChanged() function will be executed Opens the XMLHTTP object with the given URL Sends an HTTP request to the server Example Explained - The PHP pageThe PHP page called by the JavaScript code is called "getrss.php":<?php//get the q parameter from URL$q=$_GET["q"];//find out which feed was selectedif($q=="Google") { $xml=("http://news.google.com/news?ned=us&topic=h&output=rss"); }elseif($q=="MSNBC") { $xml=("http://rss.msnbc.msn.com/id/3032091/device/rss/rss.xml"); }$xmlDoc = new DOMDocument();$xmlDoc->load($xml);//get elements from "<channel>"$channel=$xmlDoc->getElementsByTagName('channel')->item(0);$channel_title = $channel->getElementsByTagName('title')->item(0)->childNodes->item(0)->nodeValue;$channel_link = $channel->getElementsByTagName('link')->item(0)->childNodes->item(0)->nodeValue;$channel_desc = $channel->getElementsByTagName('description')->item(0)->childNodes->item(0)->nodeValue;//output elements from "<channel>"echo("<p><a href='" . $channel_link . "'>" . $channel_title . "</a>");echo("<br />");echo($channel_desc . "</p>");//get and output "<item>" elements$x=$xmlDoc->getElementsByTagName('item');for ($i=0; $i<=2; $i++) { $item_title=$x->item($i)->getElementsByTagName('title') ->item(0)->childNodes->item(0)->nodeValue; $item_link=$x->item($i)->getElementsByTagName('link') ->item(0)->childNodes->item(0)->nodeValue; $item_desc=$x->item($i)->getElementsByTagName('description') ->item(0)->childNodes->item(0)->nodeValue; echo ("<p><a href='" . $item_link . "'>" . $item_title . "</a>"); echo ("<br />"); echo ($item_desc . "</p>"); }?> When an option is sent from the JavaScript, the following happens:PHP finds out which RSS feed was selected An XML DOM object is created for the selected RSS feed The elements from the RSS channel are found and outputted Loops through the first three elements and output result PHP Example - AJAX PollAJAX PollThis example will demonstrate a poll where a web page can get results without reloading.Do you like PHP and AJAX so far?Yes: No: Example Explained - The HTML pageThe HTML page contains a link to an external JavaScript, an HTML form, and a div element:<html><head><script type="text/javascript" src="poll.js"></script></head><body><div id="poll"><h3>Do you like PHP and AJAX so far?</h3><form>Yes:<input type="radio" name="vote" value="0" onclick="getVote(this.value)" /><br />No:<input type="radio" name="vote" value="1" onclick="getVote(this.value)" /></form></div></body></html> The HTML form works like this:An event is triggered when the user selects the "yes" or "no" option When the event is triggered, the function getVote() is executed The data returned from the getVote() function will replace the form, in the <div> tag Example Explained - The JavaScript codeThis is the JavaScript code stored in the file "poll.js":var xmlhttp;function getVote(int){xmlhttp=GetXmlHttpObject();if (xmlhttp==null) { alert ("Browser does not support HTTP Request"); return; }var url="poll_vote.php";url=url+"?vote="+int;url=url+"&sid="+Math.random();xmlhttp.onreadystatechange=stateChanged;xmlhttp.open("GET",url,true);xmlhttp.send(null);}function stateChanged(){ if (xmlhttp.readyState==4) { document.getElementById("poll").innerHTML=xmlhttp.responseText; }}function GetXmlHttpObject(){var objXMLHttp=null;if (window.XMLHttpRequest) { objXMLHttp=new XMLHttpRequest(); }else if (window.ActiveXObject) { objXMLHttp=new ActiveXObject("Microsoft.XMLHTTP"); }return objXMLHttp;} The stateChanged() and GetXmlHttpObject functions are the same as in the PHP AJAX Suggest chapter.The getVote() FunctionThis function executes when "yes" or "no" is selected in the HTML form.Calls the GetXmlHttpObject() function to create an XMLHTTP object Defines the URL (filename) to send to the server Adds a parameter (vote) to the URL with the content of the input field Adds a random number to prevent the server from using a cached file Each time the readyState property changes, the stateChanged() function will be executed Opens the XMLHTTP object with the given url. Sends an HTTP request to the server The PHP PageThe server page called by the JavaScript code is a simple PHP file called "poll_vote.php".<?php$vote = $_REQUEST['vote'];//get content of textfile$filename = "poll_result.txt";$content = file($filename);//put content in array$array = explode("||", $content[0]);$yes = $array[0];$no = $array[1];if ($vote == 0) { $yes = $yes + 1; }if ($vote == 1) { $no = $no + 1; }//insert votes to txt file$insertvote = $yes."||".$no;$fp = fopen($filename,"w");fputs($fp,$insertvote);fclose($fp);?><h2>Result:</h2><table><tr><td>Yes:</td><td><img src="poll.gif"width='<?php echo(100*round($yes/($no+$yes),2)); ?>'height='20'><?php echo(100*round($yes/($no+$yes),2)); ?>%</td></tr><tr><td>No:</td><td><img src="poll.gif"width='<?php echo(100*round($no/($no+$yes),2)); ?>'height='20'><?php echo(100*round($no/($no+$yes),2)); ?>%</td></tr></table> The selected value is sent from the JavaScript and the following happens:Get the content of the "poll_result.txt" file Put the content of the file in variables and add one to the selected variable Write the result to the "poll_result.txt" file Output a graphical representation of the poll result The Text FileThe text file (poll_result.txt) is where we store the data from the poll. It is stored like this:0||0 The first number represents the "Yes" votes, the second number represents the "No" votes.Note: Remember to allow your web server to edit the text file. Do NOT give everyone access, just the web server (PHP).PHP Array FunctionsPHP Array IntroductionThe array functions allow you to manipulate arrays.PHP supports both simple and multi-dimensional arrays. There are also specific functions for populating arrays from database queries.InstallationThe array functions are part of the PHP core. There is no installation needed to use these functions.PHP Array FunctionsFunctionDescriptionPHParray()Creates an array3array_change_key_case()Returns an array with all keys in lowercase or uppercase4array_chunk()Splits an array into chunks of arrays4array_combine()Creates an array by using one array for keys and another for its values5array_count_values()Returns an array with the number of occurrences for each value4array_diff()Compares array values, and returns the differences4array_diff_assoc()Compares array keys and values, and returns the differences4array_diff_key()Compares array keys, and returns the differences5array_diff_uassoc()Compares array keys and values, with an additional user-made function check, and returns the differences5array_diff_ukey()Compares array keys, with an additional user-made function check, and returns the differences5array_fill()Fills an array with values4array_filter()Filters elements of an array using a user-made function4array_flip()Exchanges all keys with their associated values in an array4array_intersect()Compares array values, and returns the matches4array_intersect_assoc()Compares array keys and values, and returns the matches4array_intersect_key()Compares array keys, and returns the matches5array_intersect_uassoc()Compares array keys and values, with an additional user-made function check, and returns the matches5array_intersect_ukey()Compares array keys, with an additional user-made function check, and returns the matches5array_key_exists()Checks if the specified key exists in the array4array_keys()Returns all the keys of an array4array_map()Sends each value of an array to a user-made function, which returns new values4array_merge()Merges one or more arrays into one array4array_merge_recursive()Merges one or more arrays into one array4array_multisort()Sorts multiple or multi-dimensional arrays4array_pad()Inserts a specified number of items, with a specified value, to an array4array_pop()Deletes the last element of an array4array_product()Calculates the product of the values in an array5array_push()Inserts one or more elements to the end of an array4array_rand()Returns one or more random keys from an array4array_reduce()Returns an array as a string, using a user-defined function4array_reverse()Returns an array in the reverse order4array_search()Searches an array for a given value and returns the key4array_shift()Removes the first element from an array, and returns the value of the removed element4array_slice()Returns selected parts of an array4array_splice()Removes and replaces specified elements of an array4array_sum()Returns the sum of the values in an array4array_udiff()Compares array values in a user-made function and returns an array5array_udiff_assoc()Compares array keys, and compares array values in a user-made function, and returns an array5array_udiff_uassoc()Compares array keys and array values in user-made functions, and returns an array5array_uintersect()Compares array values in a user-made function and returns an array5array_uintersect_assoc()Compares array keys, and compares array values in a user-made function, and returns an array5array_uintersect_uassoc()Compares array keys and array values in user-made functions, and returns an array5array_unique()Removes duplicate values from an array4array_unshift()Adds one or more elements to the beginning of an array4array_values()Returns all the values of an array4array_walk()Applies a user function to every member of an array3array_walk_recursive()Applies a user function recursively to every member of an array5arsort()Sorts an array in reverse order and maintain index association3asort()Sorts an array and maintain index association3compact()Create array containing variables and their values4count()Counts elements in an array, or properties in an object3current()Returns the current element in an array3each()Returns the current key and value pair from an array3end()Sets the internal pointer of an array to its last element3extract()Imports variables into the current symbol table from an array3in_array()Checks if a specified value exists in an array4key()Fetches a key from an array3krsort()Sorts an array by key in reverse order3ksort()Sorts an array by key3list()Assigns variables as if they were an array3natcasesort()Sorts an array using a case insensitive "natural order" algorithm4natsort()Sorts an array using a "natural order" algorithm4next()Advance the internal array pointer of an array3pos()Alias of current()3prev()Rewinds the internal array pointer3range()Creates an array containing a range of elements3reset()Sets the internal pointer of an array to its first element3rsort()Sorts an array in reverse order3shuffle()Shuffles an array3sizeof()Alias of count()3sort()Sorts an array3uasort()Sorts an array with a user-defined function and maintain index association3uksort()Sorts an array by keys using a user-defined function3usort()Sorts an array by values using a user-defined function3PHP Array ConstantsPHP: indicates the earliest version of PHP that supports the constant. ConstantDescriptionPHPCASE_LOWERUsed with array_change_key_case() to convert array keys to lower case CASE_UPPERUsed with array_change_key_case() to convert array keys to upper case SORT_ASCUsed with array_multisort() to sort in ascending order SORT_DESCUsed with array_multisort() to sort in descending order SORT_REGULARUsed to compare items normally SORT_NUMERICUsed to compare items numerically SORT_STRINGUsed to compare items as strings SORT_LOCALE_STRINGUsed to compare items as strings, based on the current locale 4COUNT_NORMAL COUNT_RECURSIVE EXTR_OVERWRITE EXTR_SKIP EXTR_PREFIX_SAME EXTR_PREFIX_ALL EXTR_PREFIX_INVALID EXTR_PREFIX_IF_EXISTS EXTR_IF_EXISTS EXTR_REFS PHP Calendar FunctionsPHP Calendar IntroductionThe calendar functions are useful when working with different calendar formats. The standard it is based on is the Julian day count (Julian day count is a count of days starting from January 1, 4713 B.C.). Note that the Julian day count is not the same as the Julian calendar!Note: To convert between calendar formats, you must first convert to Julian day count, then to the calendar format.InstallationThe windows version of PHP has built-in support for the calendar extension. So, the calendar functions will work automatically. However, if you are running the Linux version of PHP, you will have to compile PHP with --enable-calendar to get the calendar functions to work.PHP Calendar FunctionsFunctionDescriptionPHPcal_days_in_month()Returns the number of days in a month for a specified year and calendar4cal_from_jd()Converts a Julian day count into a date of a specified calendar4cal_info()Returns information about a given calendar4cal_to_jd()Converts a date to Julian day count4easter_date()Returns the Unix timestamp for midnight on Easter of a specified year3easter_days()Returns the number of days after March 21, on which Easter falls for a specified year3FrenchToJD()Converts a French Republican date to a Julian day count3GregorianToJD()Converts a Gregorian date to a Julian day count3JDDayOfWeek()Returns the day of a week3JDMonthName()Returns a month name3JDToFrench()Converts a Julian day count to a French Republican date3JDToGregorian()Converts a Julian day count to a Gregorian date3jdtojewish()Converts a Julian day count to a Jewish date3JDToJulian()Converts a Julian day count to a Julian date3jdtounix()Converts a Julian day count to a Unix timestamp4JewishToJD()Converts a Jewish date to a Julian day count3JulianToJD()Converts a Julian date to a Julian day count3unixtojd()Converts a Unix timestamp to a Julian day count4PHP Calendar ConstantsPHP: indicates the earliest version of PHP that supports the constant. ConstantDescriptionPHPCAL_GREGORIANGregorian calendar3CAL_JULIANJulian calendar3CAL_JEWISHJewish calendar3CAL_FRENCHFrench Republican calendar3CAL_NUM_CALS 3CAL_DOW_DAYNO 3CAL_DOW_SHORT 3CAL_DOW_LONG 3CAL_MONTH_GREGORIAN_SHORT 3CAL_MONTH_GREGORIAN_LONG 3CAL_MONTH_JULIAN_SHORT 3CAL_MONTH_JULIAN_LONG 3CAL_MONTH_JEWISH 3CAL_MONTH_FRENCH 3CAL_EASTER_DEFAULT 4CAL_EASTER_DEFAULT 4CAL_EASTER_ROMAN 4CAL_EASTER_ALWAYS_GREGORIAN 4CAL_EASTER_ALWAYS_JULIAN 4CAL_JEWISH_ADD_ALAFIM_GERESH 5CAL_JEWISH_ADD_ALAFIM 5CAL_JEWISH_ADD_GERESHAYIM 5PHP Date / Time FunctionsPHP Date / Time IntroductionThe date/time functions allow you to extract and format the date and time on the server.Note: These functions depend on the locale settings of the server!InstallationThe date/time functions are part of the PHP core. There is no installation needed to use these functions.Runtime ConfigurationThe behavior of the date/time functions is affected by settings in php.ini.Date/Time configuration options:NameDefaultDescriptionChangeabledate.default_latitude "31.7667"Specifies the default latitude (available since PHP 5). This option is used by date_sunrise() and date_sunset()PHP_INI_ALLdate.default_longitude"35.2333"Specifies the default longitude (available since PHP 5). This option is used by date_sunrise() and date_sunset()PHP_INI_ALLdate.sunrise_zenith"90.83"Specifies the default sunrise zenith (available since PHP 5). This option is used by date_sunrise() and date_sunset()PHP_INI_ALLdate.sunset_zenith"90.83"Specifies the default sunset zenith (available since PHP 5). This option is used by date_sunrise() and date_sunset()PHP_INI_ALLdate.timezone""Specifies the default timezone (available since PHP 5.1)PHP_INI_ALLPHP Date / Time FunctionsFunctionDescriptionPHPcheckdate()Validates a Gregorian date3date_default_timezone_get()Returns the default time zone5date_default_timezone_set()Sets the default time zone5date_sunrise()Returns the time of sunrise for a given day / location5date_sunset()Returns the time of sunset for a given day / location5date()Formats a local time/date3getdate()Returns an array that contains date and time information for a Unix timestamp3gettimeofday()Returns an array that contains current time information3gmdate()Formats a GMT/UTC date/time3gmmktime()Returns the Unix timestamp for a GMT date3gmstrftime()Formats a GMT/UTC time/date according to locale settings3idate()Formats a local time/date as integer5localtime()Returns an array that contains the time components of a Unix timestamp4microtime()Returns the microseconds for the current time3mktime()Returns the Unix timestamp for a date3strftime()Formats a local time/date according to locale settings3strptime()Parses a time/date generated with strftime()5strtotime()Parses an English textual date or time into a Unix timestamp3time()Returns the current time as a Unix timestamp3PHP Date / Time ConstantsConstantDescriptionPHPDATE_ATOMAtom (example: 2005-08-15T16:13:03+0000) DATE_COOKIEHTTP Cookies (example: Sun, 14 Aug 2005 16:13:03 UTC) DATE_ISO8601ISO-8601 (example: 2005-08-14T16:13:03+0000) DATE_RFC822RFC 822 (example: Sun, 14 Aug 2005 16:13:03 UTC) DATE_RFC850RFC 850 (example: Sunday, 14-Aug-05 16:13:03 UTC) DATE_RFC1036RFC 1036 (example: Sunday, 14-Aug-05 16:13:03 UTC) DATE_RFC1123RFC 1123 (example: Sun, 14 Aug 2005 16:13:03 UTC) DATE_RFC2822RFC 2822 (Sun, 14 Aug 2005 16:13:03 +0000) DATE_RSSRSS (Sun, 14 Aug 2005 16:13:03 UTC) DATE_W3CWorld Wide Web Consortium (example: 2005-08-14T16:13:03+0000) PHP Directory FunctionsPHP Directory IntroductionThe directory functions allow you to retrieve information about directories and their contents.InstallationThe directory functions are part of the PHP core. There is no installation needed to use these functions.PHP Directory FunctionsFunctionDescriptionPHPchdir()Changes the current directory3chroot()Changes the root directory of the current process4dir()Opens a directory handle and returns an object3closedir()Closes a directory handle3getcwd()Returns the current directory4opendir()Opens a directory handle3readdir()Returns an entry from a directory handle3rewinddir()Resets a directory handle3scandir()Lists files and directories inside a specified path5PHP Directory ConstantsConstantDescriptionPHPDIRECTORY_SEPARATOR 3PATH_SEPARATOR 4PHP Error and Logging FunctionsPHP Error and Logging IntroductionThe error and logging functions allows error handling and logging.The error functions allow users to define error handling rules, and modify the way the errors can be logged.The logging functions allow users to log applications and send log messages to email, system logs or other machines.InstallationThe error and logging functions are part of the PHP core. There is no installation needed to use these functions.PHP Error and Logging FunctionsFunctionDescriptionPHPdebug_backtrace()Generates a backtrace4debug_print_backtrace()Prints a backtrace5error_get_last()Gets the last error occurred5error_log()Sends an error to the server error-log, to a file or to a remote destination4error_reporting()Specifies which errors are reported4restore_error_handler()Restores the previous error handler4restore_exception_handler()Restores the previous exception handler5set_error_handler()Sets a user-defined function to handle errors4set_exception_handler()Sets a user-defined function to handle exceptions5trigger_error()Creates a user-defined error message4user_error()Alias of trigger_error()4PHP Error and Logging ConstantsValueConstantDescriptionPHP1E_ERRORFatal run-time errors. Errors that cannot be recovered from. Execution of the script is halted 2E_WARNINGNon-fatal run-time errors. Execution of the script is not halted 4E_PARSECompile-time parse errors. Parse errors should only be generated by the parser 8E_NOTICERun-time notices. The script found something that might be an error, but could also happen when running a script normally 16E_CORE_ERRORFatal errors at PHP startup. This is like an E_ERROR in the PHP core432E_CORE_WARNINGNon-fatal errors at PHP startup. This is like an E_WARNING in the PHP core464E_COMPILE_ERRORFatal compile-time errors. This is like an E_ERROR generated by the Zend Scripting Engine4128E_COMPILE_WARNINGNon-fatal compile-time errors. This is like an E_WARNING generated by the Zend Scripting Engine4256E_USER_ERRORFatal user-generated error. This is like an E_ERROR set by the programmer using the PHP function trigger_error()4512E_USER_WARNINGNon-fatal user-generated warning. This is like an E_WARNING set by the programmer using the PHP function trigger_error()41024E_USER_NOTICEUser-generated notice. This is like an E_NOTICE set by the programmer using the PHP function trigger_error()42048E_STRICTRun-time notices. PHP suggest changes to your code to help interoperability and compatibility of the code54096E_RECOVERABLE_ERRORCatchable fatal error. This is like an E_ERROR but can be caught by a user defined handle (see also set_error_handler())58191E_ALLAll errors and warnings, except of level E_STRICT5PHP Filesystem FunctionsPHP Filesystem IntroductionThe filesystem functions allow you to access and manipulate the filesystem.InstallationThe filesystem functions are part of the PHP core. There is no installation needed to use these functions.Runtime ConfigurationThe behavior of the filesystem functions is affected by settings in php.ini.Filesystem configuration options:NameDefaultDescriptionChangeableallow_url_fopen"1"Allows fopen()-type functions to work with URLs (available since PHP 4.0.4)PHP_INI_SYSTEM user_agentNULLDefines the user agent for PHP to send (available since PHP 4.3) PHP_INI_ALLdefault_socket_timeout"60"Sets the default timeout, in seconds, for socket based streams (available since PHP 4.3) PHP_INI_ALLfrom""Defines the anonymous FTP password (your email address)PHP_INI_ALLauto_detect_line_endings"0"When set to "1", PHP will examine the data read by fgets() and file() to see if it is using Unix, MS-Dos or Mac line-ending characters (available since PHP 4.3)PHP_INI_ALLUnix / Windows CompatibilityWhen specifying a path on Unix platforms, the forward slash (/) is used as directory separator. However, on Windows platforms, both forward slash (/) and backslash (\) can be used.PHP Filesystem FunctionsFunctionDescriptionPHPbasename()Returns the filename component of a path3chgrp()Changes the file group3chmod()Changes the file mode3chown()Changes the file owner3clearstatcache()Clears the file status cache3copy()Copies a file3delete()See unlink() or unset() dirname()Returns the directory name component of a path3disk_free_space()Returns the free space of a directory4disk_total_space()Returns the total size of a directory4diskfreespace()Alias of disk_free_space()3fclose()Closes an open file3feof()Tests for end-of-file on an open file3fflush()Flushes buffered output to an open file4fgetc()Returns a character from an open file3fgetcsv()Parses a line from an open file, checking for CSV fields3fgets()Returns a line from an open file3fgetss()Returns a line, with HTML and PHP tags removed, from an open file3file()Reads a file into an array3file_exists()Checks whether or not a file or directory exists3file_get_contents()Reads a file into a string4file_put_contentsWrites a string to a file5fileatime()Returns the last access time of a file3filectime()Returns the last change time of a file3filegroup()Returns the group ID of a file3fileinode()Returns the inode number of a file3filemtime()Returns the last modification time of a file3fileowner()Returns the user ID (owner) of a file3fileperms()Returns the permissions of a file3filesize()Returns the file size3filetype()Returns the file type3flock()Locks or releases a file3fnmatch()Matches a filename or string against a specified pattern4fopen()Opens a file or URL3fpassthru()Reads from an open file, until EOF, and writes the result to the output buffer3fputcsv()Formats a line as CSV and writes it to an open file5fputs()Alias of fwrite()3fread()Reads from an open file3fscanf()Parses input from an open file according to a specified format4fseek()Seeks in an open file3fstat()Returns information about an open file4ftell()Returns the current position in an open file3ftruncate()Truncates an open file to a specified length4fwrite()Writes to an open file3glob()Returns an array of filenames / directories matching a specified pattern4is_dir()Checks whether a file is a directory3is_executable()Checks whether a file is executable3is_file()Checks whether a file is a regular file3is_link()Checks whether a file is a link3is_readable()Checks whether a file is readable3is_uploaded_file()Checks whether a file was uploaded via HTTP POST3is_writable()Checks whether a file is writeable4is_writeable()Alias of is_writable()3link()Creates a hard link3linkinfo()Returns information about a hard link3lstat()Returns information about a file or symbolic link3mkdir()Creates a directory3move_uploaded_file()Moves an uploaded file to a new location4parse_ini_file()Parses a configuration file4pathinfo()Returns information about a file path4pclose()Closes a pipe opened by popen()3popen()Opens a pipe3readfile()Reads a file and writes it to the output buffer3readlink()Returns the target of a symbolic link3realpath()Returns the absolute pathname4rename()Renames a file or directory3rewind()Rewinds a file pointer3rmdir()Removes an empty directory3set_file_buffer()Sets the buffer size of an open file3stat()Returns information about a file3symlink()Creates a symbolic link3tempnam()Creates a unique temporary file3tmpfile()Creates a unique temporary file3touch()Sets access and modification time of a file3umask()Changes file permissions for files3unlink()Deletes a file3PHP Filter FunctionsPHP Filter IntroductionThis PHP filters is used to validate and filter data coming from insecure sources, like user input.InstallationThe filter functions are part of the PHP core. There is no installation needed to use these functions.PHP Filter FunctionsFunctionDescriptionPHPfilter_has_var()Checks if a variable of a specified input type exist5filter_id()Returns the ID number of a specified filter5filter_input()Get input from outside the script and filter it5filter_input_array()Get multiple inputs from outside the script and filters them5filter_list()Returns an array of all supported filters5filter_var_array()Get multiple variables and filter them5filter_var()Get a variable and filter it5PHP FiltersID NameDescriptionFILTER_CALLBACKCall a user-defined function to filter dataFILTER_SANITIZE_STRINGStrip tags, optionally strip or encode special charactersFILTER_SANITIZE_STRIPPEDAlias of "string" filterFILTER_SANITIZE_ENCODEDURL-encode string, optionally strip or encode special charactersFILTER_SANITIZE_SPECIAL_CHARSHTML-escape '"<>& and characters with ASCII value less than 32FILTER_SANITIZE_EMAILRemove all characters, except letters, digits and !#$%&'*+-/=?^_`{|}~@.[]FILTER_SANITIZE_URLRemove all characters, except letters, digits and $-_.+!*'(),{}|\\^~[]`<>#%";/?:@&=FILTER_SANITIZE_NUMBER_INTRemove all characters, except digits and +-FILTER_SANITIZE_NUMBER_FLOATRemove all characters, except digits, +- and optionally .,eEFILTER_SANITIZE_MAGIC_QUOTESApply addslashes()FILTER_UNSAFE_RAWDo nothing, optionally strip or encode special charactersFILTER_VALIDATE_INTValidate value as integer, optionally from the specified rangeFILTER_VALIDATE_BOOLEANReturn TRUE for "1", "true", "on" and "yes", FALSE for "0", "false", "off", "no", and "", NULL otherwiseFILTER_VALIDATE_FLOATValidate value as floatFILTER_VALIDATE_REGEXPValidate value against regexp, a Perl-compatible regular expressionFILTER_VALIDATE_URLValidate value as URL, optionally with required componentsFILTER_VALIDATE_EMAILValidate value as e-mailFILTER_VALIDATE_IPValidate value as IP address, optionally only IPv4 or IPv6 or not from private or reserved rangesPHP FTP FunctionsPHP FTP IntroductionThe FTP functions give client access to file servers through the File Transfer Protocol (FTP).The FTP functions are used to open, login and close connections, as well as upload, download, rename, delete, and get information on files from file servers. Not all of the FTP functions will work with every server or return the same results. The FTP functions became available with PHP 3.These functions are meant for detailed access to an FTP server. If you only wish to read from or write to a file on an FTP server, consider using the ftp:// wrapper with the Filesystem functions.InstallationThe windows version of PHP has built-in support for the FTP extension. So, the FTP functions will work automatically. However, if you are running the Linux version of PHP, you will have to compile PHP with --enable-ftp (PHP 4+) or --with-ftp (PHP 3) to get the FTP functions to work.PHP FTP FunctionsFunctionDescriptionPHPftp_alloc()Allocates space for a file to be uploaded to the FTP server5ftp_cdup()Changes the current directory to the parent directory on the FTP server3ftp_chdir()Changes the current directory on the FTP server3ftp_chmod()Sets permissions on a file via FTP5ftp_close()Closes an FTP connection4ftp_connect()Opens an FTP connection3ftp_delete()Deletes a file on the FTP server3ftp_exec()Executes a program/command on the FTP server4ftp_fget()Downloads a file from the FTP server and saves it to an open file3ftp_fput()Uploads from an open file and saves it to a file on the FTP server3ftp_get_option()Returns runtime behaviors of the FTP connection4ftp_get()Downloads a file from the FTP server3ftp_login()Logs on to an FTP connection3ftp_mdtm()Returns the last modified time of a specified file3ftp_mkdir()Creates a new directory on the FTP server3ftp_nb_continue()Continues retrieving/sending a file (non-blocking)4ftp_nb_fget()Downloads a file from the FTP server and saves it to an open file (non-blocking)4ftp_nb_fput()Uploads from an open file and saves it to a file on the FTP server (non-blocking)4ftp_nb_get()Downloads a file from the FTP server (non-blocking)4ftp_nb_put()Uploads a file to the FTP server (non-blocking)4ftp_nlist()Lists the files in a specified directory on the FTP server3ftp_pasv()Turns passive mode on or off3ftp_put()Uploads a file to the FTP server3ftp_pwd()Returns the current directory name3ftp_quit()Alias of ftp_close()3ftp_raw()Sends a raw command to the FTP server5ftp_rawlist()Returns a detailed list of files in the specified directory3ftp_rename()Renames a file or directory on the FTP server3ftp_rmdir()Removes a directory on the FTP server3ftp_set_option()Sets runtime options for the FTP connection4ftp_site()Sends a SITE command to the server3ftp_size()Returns the size of the specified file3ftp_ssl_connect()Opens a secure SSL-FTP connection4ftp_systype()Returns the system type identifier of the FTP server3PHP FTP ConstantsConstantDescriptionPHPFTP_ASCII 3FTP_TEXT 3FTP_BINARY 3FTP_IMAGE 3FTP_TIMEOUT_SEC 3FTP_AUTOSEEK 4FTP_AUTORESUMEDetermine resume position and start position for get and put requests automatically4FTP_FAILEDAsynchronous transfer has failed4FTP_FINISHEDAsynchronous transfer has finished4FTP_MOREDATAAsynchronous transfer is still active4PHP HTTP FunctionsPHP HTTP IntroductionThe HTTP functions let you manipulate information sent to the browser by the Web server, before any other output has been sent.InstallationThe directory functions are part of the PHP core. There is no installation needed to use these functions.PHP HTTP FunctionsFunctionDescriptionPHPheader()Sends a raw HTTP header to a client3headers_list()Returns a list of response headers sent (or ready to send)5headers_sent()Checks if / where the HTTP headers have been sent3setcookie()Sends an HTTP cookie to a client3setrawcookie()Sends an HTTP cookie without URL encoding the cookie value5PHP libxml FunctionsPHP libxml IntroductionThe libxml functions and constants are used together with SimpleXML, XSLT and DOM functions.PHP libxml FunctionsFunctionDescriptionPHPlibxml_clear_errors()Clear libxml error buffer5libxml_get_errors()Retrieve array of errors5libxml_get_last_error()Retrieve last error from libxml5libxml_set_streams_context()Set the streams context for the next libxml document load or write5libxml_use_internal_errors()Disable libxml errors and allow user to fetch error information as needed5PHP libxml ConstantsFunctionDescriptionPHPLIBXML_COMPACTSet small nodes allocation optimization. This may improve the application performance5LIBXML_DTDATTRSet default DTD attributes5LIBXML_DTDLOADLoad external subset5LIBXML_DTDVALIDValidate with the DTD5LIBXML_NOBLANKSRemove blank nodes5LIBXML_NOCDATASet CDATA as text nodes5LIBXML_NOEMPTYTAGChange empty tags (e.g. <br/> to <br></br>), only available in the DOMDocument->save() and DOMDocument->saveXML() functions5LIBXML_NOENTSubstitute entities5LIBXML_NOERRORDo not show error reports5LIBXML_NONETStop network access while loading documents5LIBXML_NOWARNINGDo not show warning reports5LIBXML_NOXMLDECLDrop the XML declaration when saving a document5LIBXML_NSCLEANRemove excess namespace declarations5LIBXML_XINCLUDEUse XInclude substitution5LIBXML_ERR_ERRORGet recoverable errors5LIBXML_ERR_FATALGet fatal errors5LIBXML_ERR_NONEGet no errors5LIBXML_ERR_WARNINGGet simple warnings5LIBXML_VERSIONGet libxml version (e.g. 20605 or 20617)5LIBXML_DOTTED_VERSIONGet dotted libxml version (e.g. 2.6.5 or 2.6.17)5PHP Mail FunctionsPHP Mail IntroductionThe mail() function allows you to send emails directly from a script.RequirementsFor the mail functions to be available, PHP requires an installed and working email system. The program to be used is defined by the configuration settings in the php.ini file.InstallationThe mail functions are part of the PHP core. There is no installation needed to use these functions.Runtime ConfigurationThe behavior of the mail functions is affected by settings in the php.ini file., Mail configuration options:NameDefaultDescriptionChangeableSMTP"localhost"Windows only: The DNS name or IP address of the SMTP serverPHP_INI_ALLsmtp_port"25"Windows only: The SMTP port number. Available since PHP 4.3PHP_INI_ALLsendmail_fromNULLWindows only: Specifies the "from" address to be used in email sent from PHPPHP_INI_ALLsendmail_pathNULLUnix systems only: Specifies where the sendmail program can be found (usually /usr/sbin/sendmail or /usr/lib/sendmail)PHP_INI_SYSTEMPHP Mail FunctionsFunctionDescriptionPHPezmlm_hash()Calculates the hash value needed by the EZMLM mailing list system3mail()Allows you to send emails directly from a script3PHP Math FunctionsPHP Math IntroductionThe math functions can handle values within the range of integer and float types.PHP Math FunctionsFunctionDescriptionPHPabs()Returns the absolute value of a number3acos()Returns the arccosine of a number3acosh()Returns the inverse hyperbolic cosine of a number 4asin()Returns the arcsine of a number3asinh()Returns the inverse hyperbolic sine of a number4atan()Returns the arctangent of a number as a numeric value between -PI/2 and PI/2 radians3atan2()Returns the angle theta of an (x,y) point as a numeric value between -PI and PI radians3atanh()Returns the inverse hyperbolic tangent of a number4base_convert()Converts a number from one base to another3bindec()Converts a binary number to a decimal number3ceil()Returns the value of a number rounded upwards to the nearest integer3cos()Returns the cosine of a number3cosh()Returns the hyperbolic cosine of a number4decbin()Converts a decimal number to a binary number3dechex()Converts a decimal number to a hexadecimal number3decoct()Converts a decimal number to an octal number3deg2rad()Converts a degree to a radian number3exp()Returns the value of Ex3expm1()Returns the value of Ex - 14floor()Returns the value of a number rounded downwards to the nearest integer3fmod()Returns the remainder (modulo) of the division of the arguments4getrandmax()Returns the maximum random number that can be returned by a call to the rand() function3hexdec()Converts a hexadecimal number to a decimal number3hypot()Returns the length of the hypotenuse of a right-angle triangle4is_finite()Returns true if a value is a finite number4is_infinite()Returns true if a value is an infinite number4is_nan()Returns true if a value is not a number4lcg_value()Returns a pseudo random number in the range of (0,1)4log()Returns the natural logarithm (base E) of a number3log10()Returns the base-10 logarithm of a number3log1p()Returns log(1+number)4max()Returns the number with the highest value of two specified numbers3min()Returns the number with the lowest value of two specified numbers3mt_getrandmax()Returns the largest possible value that can be returned by mt_rand()3mt_rand()Returns a random integer using Mersenne Twister algorithm3mt_srand()Seeds the Mersenne Twister random number generator3octdec()Converts an octal number to a decimal number3pi()Returns the value of PI3pow()Returns the value of x to the power of y3rad2deg()Converts a radian number to a degree3rand()Returns a random integer3round()Rounds a number to the nearest integer3sin()Returns the sine of a number3sinh()Returns the hyperbolic sine of a number4sqrt()Returns the <a href='http://www.wiziq.com/tutorial/76-Math-Square-Root'>square root</a> of a number3srand()Seeds the random number generator3tan()Returns the tangent of an angle3tanh()Returns the hyperbolic tangent of an angle4PHP Math ConstantsConstantDescriptionPHPM_EReturns e (approx. 2.718)4M_EULERReturns Euler's constant (approx. 0.577)4M_LNPIReturns the natural logarithm of PI (approx. 1.144)4M_LN2Returns the natural logarithm of 2 (approx. 0.693)4M_LN10Returns the natural logarithm of 10 (approx. 2.302)4M_LOG2EReturns the base-2 logarithm of E (approx. 1.442)4M_LOG10EReturns the base-10 logarithm of E (approx. 0.434)4M_PIReturns PI (approx. 3.14159)3M_PI_2Returns PI/2 (approx. 1.570)4M_PI_4Returns PI/4 (approx. 0.785)4M_1_PIReturns 1/PI (approx. 0.318)4M_2_PIReturns 2/PI (approx. 0.636)4M_SQRTPIReturns the square root of PI (approx. 1.772)4M_2_SQRTPIReturns 2/square root of PI (approx. 1.128)4M_SQRT1_2Returns the square root of 1/2 (approx. 0.707)4M_SQRT2Returns the square root of 2 (approx. 1.414)4M_SQRT3Returns the square root of 3 (approx. 1.732)4PHP Misc. FunctionsPHP Miscellaneous IntroductionThe misc. functions were only placed here because none of the other categories seemed to fit.Runtime ConfigurationThe behavior of the misc functions is affected by settings in the php.ini file.Misc. configuration options:NameDefaultDescriptionChangeableignore_user_abort"0"FALSE indicates that scripts will be terminated as soon as they try to output something after a client has aborted their connectionPHP_INI_ALLhighlight.string"#DD0000"Color for highlighting a string in PHP syntaxPHP_INI_ALLhighlight.comment"#FF8000"Color for highlighting PHP commentsPHP_INI_ALLhighlight.keyword"#007700"Color for syntax highlighting PHP keywords (e.g. parenthesis and semicolon) PHP_INI_ALLhighlight.bg"#FFFFFF"Color for backgroundPHP_INI_ALLhighlight.default"#0000BB"Default color for PHP syntaxPHP_INI_ALLhighlight.html"#000000"Color for HTML codePHP_INI_ALLbrowscapNULLName and location of browser-capabilities file (e.g. browscap.ini) PHP_INI_SYSTEMPHP Misc. FunctionsFunctionDescriptionPHPconnection_aborted()Checks whether the client has disconnected3connection_status()Returns the current connection status3connection_timeout()Deprecated in PHP 4.0.53constant()Returns the value of a constant4define()Defines a constant3defined()Checks whether a constant exists3die()Prints a message and exits the current script3eval()Evaluates a string as PHP code3exit()Prints a message and exits the current script3get_browser()Returns the capabilities of the user's browser 3highlight_file()Outputs a file with the PHP syntax highlighted4highlight_string()Outputs a string with the PHP syntax highlighted4ignore_user_abort()Sets whether a remote client can abort the running of a script3pack()Packs data into a binary string3php_check_syntax()Deprecated in PHP 5.0.55php_strip_whitespace()Returns the source code of a file with PHP comments and whitespace removed5show_source()Alias of highlight_file()4sleep()Delays code execution for a number of seconds3time_nanosleep()Delays code execution for a number of seconds and nanoseconds5time_sleep_until()Delays code execution until a specified time5uniqid()Generates a unique ID3unpack()Unpacks data from a binary string3usleep()Delays code execution for a number of microseconds3PHP Misc. ConstantsConstantDescriptionPHPCONNECTION_ABORTED CONNECTION_NORMAL CONNECTION_TIMEOUT __COMPILER_HALT_OFFSET__ 5PHP MySQL FunctionsPHP MySQL IntroductionThe MySQL functions allows you to access MySQL database servers.InstallationFor the MySQL functions to be available, you must compile PHP with MySQL support.For compiling, use --with-mysql=DIR (the optional DIR points to the MySQL directory).Note: For full functionality of MySQL versions greater than 4.1., use the MySQLi extension instead. If you would like to install both the mysql extension and the mysqli extension you should use the same client library to avoid any conflicts.Installation on Linux SystemsPHP 5+: MySQL and the MySQL library is not enabled by default. Use the --with-mysql=DIR configure option to include MySQL support and download headers and libraries from www.mysql.com.Installation on Windows SystemsPHP 5+: MySQL is not enabled by default, so the php_mysql.dll must be enabled inside of php.ini. Also, PHP needs access to the MySQL client library. A file named libmysql.dll is included in the Windows PHP distribution, and in order for PHP to talk to MySQL this file needs to be available to the Windows systems PATH.To enable any PHP extension, the PHP extension_dir setting (in the php.ini file) should be set to the directory where the PHP extensions are located. An example extension_dir value is c:\php\ext.Note: If you get the following error when starting the web server: "Unable to load dynamic library './php_mysql.dll'", this is because php_mysql.dll or libmysql.dll cannot be found by the system.Runtime ConfigurationThe behavior of the MySQL functions is affected by settings in the php.ini file.MySQL configuration options:NameDefaultDescriptionChangeablemysql.allow_persistent"1"Whether or not to allow persistent connectionsPHP_INI_SYSTEMmysql.max_persistent"-1"The maximum number of persistent connections per processPHP_INI_SYSTEMmysql.max_links"-1"The maximum number of connections per process (persistent connections included)PHP_INI_SYSTEMmysql.trace_mode"0"Trace mode. When set to "1", warnings and SQL-errors will be displayed. Available since PHP 4.3PHP_INI_ALLmysql.default_portNULLThe default TCP port number to usePHP_INI_ALLmysql.default_socketNULLThe default socket name to use. Available since PHP 4.0.1PHP_INI_ALLmysql.default_hostNULLThe default server host to use (doesn't apply in SQL safe mode)PHP_INI_ALLmysql.default_userNULLThe default user name to use (doesn't apply in SQL safe mode)PHP_INI_ALLmysql.default_passwordNULLThe default password to use (doesn't apply in SQL safe mode)PHP_INI_ALLmysql.connect_timeout"60"Connection timeout in secondsPHP_INI_ALLResource TypesThere are two resource types used in the MySQL extension. The first one is the link_identifier for a database connection, the second is a resource which holds the result of a query.Note: Most MySQL functions accept link_identifier as the last optional parameter. If it is not provided, the last opened connection is used.PHP MySQL FunctionsFunctionDescriptionPHPmysql_affected_rows()Returns the number of affected rows in the previous MySQL operation3mysql_change_user()Deprecated. Changes the user of the current MySQL connection3mysql_client_encoding()Returns the name of the character set for the current connection4mysql_close()Closes a non-persistent MySQL connection3mysql_connect()Opens a non-persistent MySQL connection3mysql_create_db()Deprecated. Creates a new MySQL database. Use mysql_query() instead3mysql_data_seek()Moves the record pointer3mysql_db_name()Returns a database name from a call to mysql_list_dbs()3mysql_db_query()Deprecated. Sends a MySQL query. Use mysql_select_db() and mysql_query() instead3mysql_drop_db()Deprecated. Deletes a MySQL database. Use mysql_query() instead3mysql_errno()Returns the error number of the last MySQL operation3mysql_error()Returns the error description of the last MySQL operation3mysql_escape_string()Deprecated. Escapes a string for use in a mysql_query. Use mysql_real_escape_string() instead4mysql_fetch_array()Returns a row from a recordset as an associative array and/or a numeric array3mysql_fetch_assoc()Returns a row from a recordset as an associative array4mysql_fetch_field()Returns column info from a recordset as an object3mysql_fetch_lengths()Returns the length of the contents of each field in a result row3mysql_fetch_object()Returns a row from a recordset as an object3mysql_fetch_row()Returns a row from a recordset as a numeric array3mysql_field_flags()Returns the flags associated with a field in a recordset3mysql_field_len()Returns the maximum length of a field in a recordset3mysql_field_name()Returns the name of a field in a recordset3mysql_field_seek()Moves the result pointer to a specified field3mysql_field_table()Returns the name of the table the specified field is in3mysql_field_type()Returns the type of a field in a recordset3mysql_free_result()Free result memory3mysql_get_client_info()Returns MySQL client info4mysql_get_host_info()Returns MySQL host info4mysql_get_proto_info()Returns MySQL protocol info4mysql_get_server_info()Returns MySQL server info4mysql_info()Returns information about the last query4mysql_insert_id()Returns the AUTO_INCREMENT ID generated from the previous INSERT operation3mysql_list_dbs()Lists available databases on a MySQL server3mysql_list_fields()Deprecated. Lists MySQL table fields. Use mysql_query() instead3mysql_list_processes()Lists MySQL processes4mysql_list_tables()Deprecated. Lists tables in a MySQL database. Use mysql_query() instead3mysql_num_fields()Returns the number of fields in a recordset3mysql_num_rows()Returns the number of rows in a recordset3mysql_pconnect()Opens a persistent MySQL connection3mysql_ping()Pings a server connection or reconnects if there is no connection4mysql_query()Executes a query on a MySQL database3mysql_real_escape_string()Escapes a string for use in SQL statements4mysql_result()Returns the value of a field in a recordset3mysql_select_db()Sets the active MySQL database3mysql_stat()Returns the current system status of the MySQL server4mysql_tablename()Deprecated. Returns the table name of field. Use mysql_query() instead3mysql_thread_id()Returns the current thread ID4mysql_unbuffered_query()Executes a query on a MySQL database (without fetching / buffering the result)4PHP MySQL ConstantsSince PHP 4.3 it has been possible to specify additional flags for the mysql_connect() and mysql_pconnect() functions:ConstantDescriptionPHPMYSQL_CLIENT_COMPRESSUse compression protocol4.3MYSQL_CLIENT_IGNORE_SPACEAllow space after function names4.3MYSQL_CLIENT_INTERACTIVEAllow interactive timeout seconds of inactivity before closing the connection4.3MYSQL_CLIENT_SSLUse SSL encryption (only available with version 4+ of the MySQL client library)4.3The mysql_fetch_array() function uses a constant for the different types of result arrays. The following constants are defined:ConstantDescriptionPHPMYSQL_ASSOCColumns are returned into the array with the fieldname as the array index MYSQL_BOTHColumns are returned into the array having both a numerical index and the fieldname as the array index MYSQL_NUMColumns are returned into the array having a numerical index (index starts at 0) PHP SimpleXML FunctionsPHP SimpleXML IntroductionThe SimpleXML functions lets you convert XML to an object.This object can be processed, like any other object, with normal property selectors and array iterators.Some of these functions requires the newest PHP build.PHP SimpleXML FunctionsFunctionDescriptionPHP__construct()Creates a new SimpleXMLElement object5addAttribute()Adds an attribute to the SimpleXML element5addChild()Adds a child element the SimpleXML element5asXML()Gets an XML string from a SimpleXML element5attributes()Gets a SimpleXML element's attributes5children()Gets the children of a specified node5getDocNamespaces()Gets the namespaces of an XML document5getName()Gets the name of a SimpleXML element5getNamespaces()Gets the namespaces from XML data5registerXPathNamespace()Creates a namespace context for the next XPath query5simplexml_import_dom()Gets a SimpleXMLElement object from a DOM node5simplexml_load_file()Gets a SimpleXMLElement object from an XML document5simplexml_load_string()Gets a SimpleXMLElement object from an XML string5xpath()Runs an XPath query on XML data5PHP String FunctionsPHP String IntroductionThe string functions allow you to manipulate strings.PHP String FunctionsFunctionDescriptionPHPaddcslashes()Returns a string with backslashes in front of the specified characters4addslashes()Returns a string with backslashes in front of predefined characters3bin2hex()Converts a string of ASCII characters to hexadecimal values3chop()Alias of rtrim()3chr()Returns a character from a specified ASCII value3chunk_split()Splits a string into a series of smaller parts3convert_cyr_string()Converts a string from one Cyrillic character-set to another3convert_uudecode()Decodes a uuencoded string5convert_uuencode()Encodes a string using the uuencode algorithm5count_chars()Returns how many times an ASCII character occurs within a string and returns the information4crc32()Calculates a 32-bit CRC for a string4crypt()One-way string encryption (hashing)3echo()Outputs strings3explode()Breaks a string into an array3fprintf()Writes a formatted string to a specified output stream5get_html_translation_table()Returns the translation table used by htmlspecialchars() and htmlentities()4hebrev()Converts Hebrew text to visual text3hebrevc()Converts Hebrew text to visual text and new lines (\n) into <br />3html_entity_decode()Converts HTML entities to characters4htmlentities()Converts characters to HTML entities3htmlspecialchars_decode()Converts some predefined HTML entities to characters5htmlspecialchars()Converts some predefined characters to HTML entities3implode()Returns a string from the elements of an array3join()Alias of implode()3levenshtein()Returns the Levenshtein distance between two strings3localeconv()Returns locale numeric and monetary formatting information4ltrim()Strips whitespace from the left side of a string3md5()Calculates the MD5 hash of a string3md5_file()Calculates the MD5 hash of a file4metaphone()Calculates the metaphone key of a string4money_format()Returns a string formatted as a currency string4nl_langinfo()Returns specific local information4nl2br()Inserts HTML line breaks in front of each newline in a string3number_format()Formats a number with grouped thousands3ord()Returns the ASCII value of the first character of a string3parse_str()Parses a query string into variables3print()Outputs a string3printf()Outputs a formatted string3quoted_printable_decode()Decodes a quoted-printable string3quotemeta()Quotes meta characters3rtrim()Strips whitespace from the right side of a string3setlocale()Sets locale information3sha1()Calculates the SHA-1 hash of a string4sha1_file()Calculates the SHA-1 hash of a file4similar_text()Calculates the similarity between two strings3soundex()Calculates the soundex key of a string3sprintf()Writes a formatted string to a variable3sscanf()Parses input from a string according to a format4str_ireplace()Replaces some characters in a string (case-insensitive)5str_pad()Pads a string to a new length4str_repeat()Repeats a string a specified number of times4str_replace()Replaces some characters in a string (case-sensitive)3str_rot13()Performs the ROT13 encoding on a string4str_shuffle()Randomly shuffles all characters in a string4str_split()Splits a string into an array5str_word_count()Count the number of words in a string4strcasecmp()Compares two strings (case-insensitive)3strchr()Finds the first occurrence of a string inside another string (alias of strstr())3strcmp()Compares two strings (case-sensitive)3strcoll()Locale based string comparison4strcspn()Returns the number of characters found in a string before any part of some specified characters are found3strip_tags()Strips HTML and PHP tags from a string3stripcslashes()Unquotes a string quoted with addcslashes()4stripslashes()Unquotes a string quoted with addslashes()3stripos()Returns the position of the first occurrence of a string inside another string (case-insensitive)5stristr()Finds the first occurrence of a string inside another string (case-insensitive)3strlen()Returns the length of a string3strnatcasecmp()Compares two strings using a "natural order" algorithm (case-insensitive)4strnatcmp()Compares two strings using a "natural order" algorithm (case-sensitive)4strncasecmp()String comparison of the first n characters (case-insensitive)4strncmp()String comparison of the first n characters (case-sensitive)4strpbrk()Searches a string for any of a set of characters5strpos()Returns the position of the first occurrence of a string inside another string (case-sensitive)3strrchr()Finds the last occurrence of a string inside another string3strrev()Reverses a string3strripos()Finds the position of the last occurrence of a string inside another string (case-insensitive)5strrpos()Finds the position of the last occurrence of a string inside another string (case-sensitive)3strspn()Returns the number of characters found in a string that contains only characters from a specified charlist3strstr()Finds the first occurrence of a string inside another string (case-sensitive)3strtok()Splits a string into smaller strings3strtolower()Converts a string to lowercase letters3strtoupper()Converts a string to uppercase letters3strtr()Translates certain characters in a string3substr()Returns a part of a string3substr_compare()Compares two strings from a specified start position (binary safe and optionally case-sensitive)5substr_count()Counts the number of times a substring occurs in a string4substr_replace()Replaces a part of a string with another string4trim()Strips whitespace from both sides of a string3ucfirst()Converts the first character of a string to uppercase3ucwords()Converts the first character of each word in a string to uppercase3vfprintf()Writes a formatted string to a specified output stream5vprintf()Outputs a formatted string4vsprintf()Writes a formatted string to a variable4wordwrap()Wraps a string to a given number of characters4PHP String ConstantsConstantDescriptionCRYPT_SALT_LENGTHContains the length of the default encryption method for thesystem. For standard DES encryption, the length is 2CRYPT_STD_DESSet to 1 if the standard DES-based encryption with a 2 character salt is supported, 0 otherwiseCRYPT_EXT_DESSet to 1 if the extended DES-based encryption with a 9 character salt is supported, 0 otherwiseCRYPT_MD5Set to 1 if the MD5 encryption with a 12 character salt starting with $1$ is supported, 0 otherwiseCRYPT_BLOWFISHSet to 1 if the Blowfish encryption with a 16 character salt starting with $2$ or $2a$ is supported, 0 otherwise0PHP XML Parser FunctionsPHP XML Parser IntroductionThe XML functions lets you parse, but not validate, XML documents.This extension uses the Expat XML parser.Expat is an event-based parser, it views an XML document as a series of events. When an event occurs, it calls a specified function to handle it.Expat is a non-validating parser, and ignores any DTDs linked to a document. However, if the document is not well formed it will end with an error message.Because it is an event-based, non validating parser, Expat is fast and well suited for web applications.The XML parser functions lets you create XML parsers and define handlers for XML events.PHP XML Parser FunctionsFunctionDescriptionPHPutf8_decode()Decodes an UTF-8 string to ISO-8859-13utf8_encode()Encodes an ISO-8859-1 string to UTF-83xml_error_string()Gets an error string from the XML parser3xml_get_current_byte_index()Gets the current byte index from the XML parser3xml_get_current_column_number()Gets the current column number from the XML parser3xml_get_current_line_number()Gets the current line number from the XML parser3xml_get_error_code()Gets an error code from the XML parser3xml_parse()Parses an XML document3xml_parse_into_struct()Parse XML data into an array3xml_parser_create_ns()Create an XML parser with namespace support4xml_parser_create()Create an XML parser3xml_parser_free()Free an XML parser3xml_parser_get_option()Get options from an XML parser3xml_parser_set_option()Set options in an XML parser3xml_set_character_data_handler()Set handler function for character data3xml_set_default_handler()Set default handler function3xml_set_element_handler()Set handler function for start and end element of elements3xml_set_end_namespace_decl_handler()Set handler function for the end of namespace declarations4xml_set_external_entity_ref_handler()Set handler function for external entities3xml_set_notation_decl_handler()Set handler function for notation declarations3xml_set_object()Use XML Parser within an object4xml_set_processing_instruction_handler()Set handler function for processing instruction3xml_set_start_namespace_decl_handler()Set handler function for the start of namespace declarations4xml_set_unparsed_entity_decl_handler()Set handler function for unparsed entity declarations3PHP Zip File FunctionsPHP Zip File IntroductionThe Zip files functions allows you to read ZIP files.InstallationFor the Zip file functions to work on your server, these libraries must be installed:The ZZIPlib library by Guido Draheim: Download the ZZIPlib library The Zip PELC extension: Download the Zip PELC extension Installation on Linux SystemsPHP 5+: Zip functions and the Zip library is not enabled by default and must be downloaded from the links above. Use the --with-zip=DIR configure option to include Zip support.Installation on Windows SystemsPHP 5+: Zip functions is not enabled by default, so the php_zip.dll and the ZZIPlib library must be downloaded from the link above. php_zip.dll must be enabled inside of php.ini. To enable any PHP extension, the PHP extension_dir setting (in the php.ini file) should be set to the directory where the PHP extensions are located. An example extension_dir value is c:\php\ext.PHP Zip File FunctionsFunctionDescriptionPHPzip_close()Closes a ZIP file4zip_entry_close()Closes an entry in the ZIP file4zip_entry_compressedsize()Returns the compressed size of an entry in the ZIP file4zip_entry_compressionmethod()Returns the compression method of an entry in the ZIP file4zip_entry_filesize()Returns the actual file size of an entry in the ZIP file4zip_entry_name()Returns the name of an entry in the ZIP file4zip_entry_open()Opens an entry in the ZIP file for reading4zip_entry_read()Reads from an open entry in the ZIP file4zip_open()Opens a ZIP file4zip_read()Reads the next entry in a ZIP file4</p></div>
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<div id="trTags"><ul class='desclink'><li><a href="http://www.wiziq.com/tutorials/metarial" >metarial</a></li><li><a href="http://www.wiziq.com/tutorials/php" >php</a></li><li><a href="http://www.wiziq.com/tutorials/php-study-metarial" >php study metarial</a></li><li><a href="http://www.wiziq.com/tutorials/php-metarial" >php metarial</a></li></ul></div>
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<div class="imgdv">
<img src="http://wqimg.s3.amazonaws.com/ut/ust/Bhatt-Jatin-726446.jpg" alt="Jatin Bhatt" title="Jatin Bhatt" /></div>
<div class="commentby">
<span class="lightxt11">By: <a href="http://www.wiziq.com/bhatt" target="_blank" class="ulink">Jatin Bhatt</a></span><br />
<span class="lightxt11">490 days 13 hours 57 minutes ago</span>
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<p class="contentdv">
nice material</p>
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<div class="div1">
<div class="imgdv">
<img src="http://wqimg.s3.amazonaws.com/ut/ust/Bhatt-Jatin-726446.jpg" alt="Jatin Bhatt" title="Jatin Bhatt" /></div>
<div class="commentby">
<span class="lightxt11">By: <a href="http://www.wiziq.com/bhatt" target="_blank" class="ulink">Jatin Bhatt</a></span><br />
<span class="lightxt11">490 days 13 hours 57 minutes ago</span>
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<p class="contentdv">
nice material</p>
</div>
<div class="div1">
<div class="imgdv">
<img src="http://wqimg.s3.amazonaws.com/ut/ust/Bhatt-Jatin-726446.jpg" alt="Jatin Bhatt" title="Jatin Bhatt" /></div>
<div class="commentby">
<span class="lightxt11">By: <a href="http://www.wiziq.com/bhatt" target="_blank" class="ulink">Jatin Bhatt</a></span><br />
<span class="lightxt11">490 days 13 hours 56 minutes ago</span>
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<p class="contentdv">
really informative</p>
</div>
<div class="div1">
<div class="imgdv">
<img src="http://wqimg.s3.amazonaws.com/ut/ust/Bhatt-Jatin-726446.jpg" alt="Jatin Bhatt" title="Jatin Bhatt" /></div>
<div class="commentby">
<span class="lightxt11">By: <a href="http://www.wiziq.com/bhatt" target="_blank" class="ulink">Jatin Bhatt</a></span><br />
<span class="lightxt11">490 days 13 hours 56 minutes ago</span>
</div>
<p class="contentdv">
really informative</p>
</div>
<div class="div1">
<div class="imgdv">
<img src="http://wqimg.s3.amazonaws.com/ut/ust/Bhatt-Jatin-726446.jpg" alt="Jatin Bhatt" title="Jatin Bhatt" /></div>
<div class="commentby">
<span class="lightxt11">By: <a href="http://www.wiziq.com/bhatt" target="_blank" class="ulink">Jatin Bhatt</a></span><br />
<span class="lightxt11">490 days 13 hours 55 minutes ago</span>
</div>
<p class="contentdv">
test</p>
</div>
<div class="div1">
<div class="imgdv">
<img src="http://wqimg.s3.amazonaws.com/ut/ust/Bhatt-Jatin-726446.jpg" alt="Jatin Bhatt" title="Jatin Bhatt" /></div>
<div class="commentby">
<span class="lightxt11">By: <a href="http://www.wiziq.com/bhatt" target="_blank" class="ulink">Jatin Bhatt</a></span><br />
<span class="lightxt11">490 days 13 hours 55 minutes ago</span>
</div>
<p class="contentdv">
test</p>
</div>
<div class="div1">
<div class="imgdv">
<img src="http://wqimg.s3.amazonaws.com/ut/ust/Bhatt-Jatin-726446.jpg" alt="Jatin Bhatt" title="Jatin Bhatt" /></div>
<div class="commentby">
<span class="lightxt11">By: <a href="http://www.wiziq.com/bhatt" target="_blank" class="ulink">Jatin Bhatt</a></span><br />
<span class="lightxt11">490 days 13 hours 55 minutes ago</span>
</div>
<p class="contentdv">
test</p>
</div>
<div class="div1">
<div class="imgdv">
<img src="http://wqimg.s3.amazonaws.com/ut/ust/Bhatt-Jatin-726446.jpg" alt="Jatin Bhatt" title="Jatin Bhatt" /></div>
<div class="commentby">
<span class="lightxt11">By: <a href="http://www.wiziq.com/bhatt" target="_blank" class="ulink">Jatin Bhatt</a></span><br />
<span class="lightxt11">490 days 13 hours 55 minutes ago</span>
</div>
<p class="contentdv">
test</p>
</div>
<div class="div1">
<div class="imgdv">
<img src="http://wqimg.s3.amazonaws.com/ut/ust/Bhatt-Jatin-726446.jpg" alt="Jatin Bhatt" title="Jatin Bhatt" /></div>
<div class="commentby">
<span class="lightxt11">By: <a href="http://www.wiziq.com/bhatt" target="_blank" class="ulink">Jatin Bhatt</a></span><br />
<span class="lightxt11">490 days 13 hours 54 minutes ago</span>
</div>
<p class="contentdv">
test2</p>
</div>
<div class="div1">
<div class="imgdv">
<img src="http://wqimg.s3.amazonaws.com/ut/ust/Bhatt-Jatin-726446.jpg" alt="Jatin Bhatt" title="Jatin Bhatt" /></div>
<div class="commentby">
<span class="lightxt11">By: <a href="http://www.wiziq.com/bhatt" target="_blank" class="ulink">Jatin Bhatt</a></span><br />
<span class="lightxt11">490 days 13 hours 54 minutes ago</span>
</div>
<p class="contentdv">
test2</p>
</div>
<div class="div1">
<div class="imgdv">
<img src="http://wqimg.s3.amazonaws.com/ut/ust/Bhatt-Jatin-726446.jpg" alt="Jatin Bhatt" title="Jatin Bhatt" /></div>
<div class="commentby">
<span class="lightxt11">By: <a href="http://www.wiziq.com/bhatt" target="_blank" class="ulink">Jatin Bhatt</a></span><br />
<span class="lightxt11">490 days 13 hours 54 minutes ago</span>
</div>
<p class="contentdv">
test2</p>
</div>
<div class="div2">
<div class="subcomment1">
<div class="imgdv">
<img src="http://wqimg.s3.amazonaws.com/ut/ust/Bhatt-Jatin-726446.jpg" alt="Jatin Bhatt" title="Jatin Bhatt" /></div>
<div class="commentby" style="width: 590px;">
<span class="lightxt11">By: <a href="http://www.wiziq.com/bhatt" target="_blank" class="ulink">Jatin Bhatt</a></span><br />
<span class="lightxt11">490 days 13 hours 54 minutes ago</span>
</div>
<p class="contentdv">
reply 2</p>
</div>
</div>
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<div class="subcomment1">
<div class="imgdv">
<img src="http://wqimg.s3.amazonaws.com/ut/ust/Bhatt-Jatin-726446.jpg" alt="Jatin Bhatt" title="Jatin Bhatt" /></div>
<div class="commentby" style="width: 590px;">
<span class="lightxt11">By: <a href="http://www.wiziq.com/bhatt" target="_blank" class="ulink">Jatin Bhatt</a></span><br />
<span class="lightxt11">490 days 13 hours 54 minutes ago</span>
</div>
<p class="contentdv">
reply 2</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="div2">
<div class="subcomment1">
<div class="imgdv">
<img src="http://wqimg.s3.amazonaws.com/ut/ust/Bhatt-Jatin-726446.jpg" alt="Jatin Bhatt" title="Jatin Bhatt" /></div>
<div class="commentby" style="width: 590px;">
<span class="lightxt11">By: <a href="http://www.wiziq.com/bhatt" target="_blank" class="ulink">Jatin Bhatt</a></span><br />
<span class="lightxt11">490 days 13 hours 54 minutes ago</span>
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<p class="contentdv">
reply 2</p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
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<option value="-1">[Select]</option>
<option selected="selected" value="176">United States</option>
<option value="1">Afghanistan</option>
<option value="2">Albania</option>
<option value="3">Algeria</option>
<option value="4">Angola</option>
<option value="5">Antigua and Barbuda</option>
<option value="6">Argentina</option>
<option value="7">Armenia</option>
<option value="8">Australia</option>
<option value="9">Austria</option>
<option value="10">Azerbaijan</option>
<option value="11">Bahamas</option>
<option value="12">Bahrain</option>
<option value="13">Bangladesh</option>
<option value="14">Barbados</option>
<option value="15">Belarus</option>
<option value="16">Belgium</option>
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<option value="190">Benin</option>
<option value="200">Bermuda</option>
<option value="18">Bhutan</option>
<option value="19">Bolivia</option>
<option value="207">Bosnia and Herzegovina</option>
<option value="21">Botswana</option>
<option value="22">Brazil</option>
<option value="23">Brunei</option>
<option value="24">Bulgaria</option>
<option value="210">Burkina Faso</option>
<option value="25">Burundi</option>
<option value="26">Cambodia</option>
<option value="27">Cameroon</option>
<option value="28">Canada</option>
<option value="212">Cape verde</option>
<option value="204">Caribbean Nations</option>
<option value="29">Central African Republic</option>
<option value="30">Chad</option>
<option value="31">Chile</option>
<option value="32">China</option>
<option value="33">Colombia</option>
<option value="34">Congo (Brazzaville)</option>
<option value="35">Congo, Democratic Republic of</option>
<option value="196">Cook Islands</option>
<option value="36">Costa Rica</option>
<option value="37">Croatia</option>
<option value="38">Cuba</option>
<option value="39">Cyprus</option>
<option value="40">Czech Republic</option>
<option value="41">Denmark</option>
<option value="42">Djibouti</option>
<option value="43">Dominica</option>
<option value="44">Dominican Republic</option>
<option value="45">Ecuador</option>
<option value="46">Egypt</option>
<option value="47">El Salvador</option>
<option value="48">Equatorial Guinea</option>
<option value="49">Eritrea</option>
<option value="50">Estonia</option>
<option value="51">Ethiopia</option>
<option value="201">Faroe Islands</option>
<option value="202">Federated States of Micronesia</option>
<option value="52">Fiji</option>
<option value="53">Finland</option>
<option value="54">France</option>
<option value="197">French Polynesia</option>
<option value="55">Gabon</option>
<option value="56">Gambia</option>
<option value="57">Georgia</option>
<option value="58">Germany</option>
<option value="59">Ghana</option>
<option value="193">Gibraltar</option>
<option value="60">Greece</option>
<option value="206">Greenland</option>
<option value="61">Grenada</option>
<option value="62">Guatemala</option>
<option value="63">Guinea</option>
<option value="64">Guinea-Bissau</option>
<option value="65">Guyana</option>
<option value="66">Haiti</option>
<option value="67">Honduras</option>
<option value="191">Hong Kong</option>
<option value="68">Hungary</option>
<option value="69">Iceland</option>
<option value="70">India</option>
<option value="71">Indonesia</option>
<option value="72">Iran</option>
<option value="73">Iraq</option>
<option value="74">Ireland</option>
<option value="75">Israel</option>
<option value="76">Italy</option>
<option value="209">Ivory Coast</option>
<option value="77">Jamaica</option>
<option value="78">Japan</option>
<option value="79">Jordan</option>
<option value="80">Kazakhstan</option>
<option value="81">Kenya</option>
<option value="82">Kiribati</option>
<option value="83">Korea - North</option>
<option value="84">Korea - South</option>
<option value="85">Kuwait</option>
<option value="86">Kyrgyzstan</option>
<option value="87">Laos</option>
<option value="88">Latvia</option>
<option value="89">Lebanon</option>
<option value="90">Lesotho</option>
<option value="91">Liberia</option>
<option value="92">Libya</option>
<option value="93">Liechtenstein</option>
<option value="94">Lithuania</option>
<option value="95">Luxembourg</option>
<option value="96">Macedonia</option>
<option value="97">Madagascar</option>
<option value="98">Malawi</option>
<option value="99">Malaysia</option>
<option value="100">Maldives</option>
<option value="101">Mali</option>
<option value="102">Malta</option>
<option value="103">Marshall Islands</option>
<option value="104">Mauritania</option>
<option value="105">Mauritius</option>
<option value="106">Mexico</option>
<option value="107">Micronesia, Federated States of</option>
<option value="108">Moldova</option>
<option value="109">Monaco</option>
<option value="110">Mongolia</option>
<option value="185">Montenegro</option>
<option value="111">Morocco</option>
<option value="112">Mozambique</option>
<option value="113">Myanmar</option>
<option value="114">Namibia</option>
<option value="115">Nauru</option>
<option value="116">Nepal</option>
<option value="117">Netherlands</option>
<option value="188">Netherlands Antilles</option>
<option value="118">New Zealand</option>
<option value="119">Nicaragua</option>
<option value="120">Niger</option>
<option value="121">Nigeria</option>
<option value="122">Norway</option>
<option value="123">Oman</option>
<option value="124">Pakistan</option>
<option value="125">Palau</option>
<option value="126">Panama</option>
<option value="127">Papua New Guinea</option>
<option value="128">Paraguay</option>
<option value="129">Peru</option>
<option value="130">Philippines</option>
<option value="131">Poland</option>
<option value="132">Portugal</option>
<option value="208">Puerto Rico</option>
<option value="133">Qatar</option>
<option value="134">Romania</option>
<option value="135">Russia</option>
<option value="205">Russian Federation</option>
<option value="136">Rwanda</option>
<option value="137">Saint Kitts and Nevis</option>
<option value="138">Saint Lucia</option>
<option value="139">Saint Vincent and the Grenadines</option>
<option value="140">Samoa</option>
<option value="141">San Marino</option>
<option value="142">Sao Tome and Principe</option>
<option value="143">Saudi Arabia</option>
<option value="211">Scotland</option>
<option value="144">Senegal</option>
<option value="199">Serbia</option>
<option value="145">Seychelles</option>
<option value="146">Sierra Leone</option>
<option value="147">Singapore</option>
<option value="192">Slovak Republic</option>
<option value="148">Slovakia</option>
<option value="149">Slovenia</option>
<option value="150">Solomon Islands</option>
<option value="151">Somalia</option>
<option value="152">South Africa</option>
<option value="153">Spain</option>
<option value="154">Sri Lanka</option>
<option value="155">Sudan</option>
<option value="195">Sultanate of Oman</option>
<option value="156">Suriname</option>
<option value="157">Swaziland</option>
<option value="158">Sweden</option>
<option value="159">Switzerland</option>
<option value="160">Syria</option>
<option value="161">Taiwan</option>
<option value="162">Tajikistan</option>
<option value="163">Tanzania</option>
<option value="164">Thailand</option>
<option value="198">Timor-Leste</option>
<option value="165">Togo</option>
<option value="166">Tonga</option>
<option value="167">Trinidad and Tobago</option>
<option value="168">Tunisia</option>
<option value="169">Turkey</option>
<option value="170">Turkmenistan</option>
<option value="171">Tuvalu</option>
<option value="172">Uganda</option>
<option value="173">Ukraine</option>
<option value="174">United Arab Emirates</option>
<option value="175">United Kingdom</option>
<option value="177">Uruguay</option>
<option value="178">Uzbekistan</option>
<option value="179">Vanuatu</option>
<option value="180">Vatican City</option>
<option value="181">Venezuela</option>
<option value="189">Viet Nam</option>
<option value="183">Western Sahara</option>
<option value="184">Yemen</option>
<option value="186">Zambia</option>
<option value="187">Zimbabwe</option>
</select>
</span>
</div>
<div>
<span class="left-form1">
Contact no:</span><br>
<span>
<label for="mobile">
<input id="ucRegistrationWidget_rdMobile" type="radio" name="ucRegistrationWidget$ContactNo" value="rdMobile" checked="checked" onclick="SetMobileCountryCode();" tabindex="5" />
Mobile
</label>
<label for="landline" style="margin-left: 10px">
<input id="ucRegistrationWidget_rdLandline" type="radio" name="ucRegistrationWidget$ContactNo" value="rdLandline" checked="checked" onclick="SetLandlineCountryCode();" tabindex="6" />
Landline
</label>
<br>
<span class="mt5"><span>
<input name="ucRegistrationWidget$txtMobCountry" type="text" maxlength="5" id="ucRegistrationWidget_txtMobCountry" tabindex="7" class="countrybx" onblur="ValidateMobileCountry(false);" onkeydown="if(event.which || event.keyCode){if ((event.which == 13) || (event.keyCode == 13)) { if(ValidateSignUpForm() == true){__doPostBack('ucRegistrationWidget$btnAction',''); } return false; }} else {return true}; " />
<input type="hidden" name="ucRegistrationWidget$hdnCountryCode" id="ucRegistrationWidget_hdnCountryCode" value="1" />
</span><span class="ml10">
<input name="ucRegistrationWidget$txtMobileNo" type="text" maxlength="15" id="ucRegistrationWidget_txtMobileNo" tabindex="8" class="laninput1" onblur="ValidateMobileNumber(false);" onkeydown="if(event.which || event.keyCode){if ((event.which == 13) || (event.keyCode == 13)) { if(ValidateSignUpForm() == true){__doPostBack('ucRegistrationWidget$btnAction',''); } return false; }} else {return true}; " />
</span></span>
<br>
<span><span id="ucRegistrationWidget_spnCountryCodeTxt" class="txtland" style="width: 70px;">Area code</span><span class="txtland">
Number</span></span></span></div>
<div>
<span class="left-form1">
Subjects you are interested in:</span><br />
<span><span id="spnTxtOtherSubjects" style="display: none;">
<input name="ucRegistrationWidget$txtSubjects" type="text" maxlength="100" id="ucRegistrationWidget_txtSubjects" tabindex="9" class="laninput1" onkeydown="if(event.which || event.keyCode){if ((event.which == 13) || (event.keyCode == 13)) { if(ValidateSignUpForm() == true){__doPostBack('ucRegistrationWidget$btnAction',''); } return false; }} else {return true}; " />
<br />
<a href="javascript:ShowSubjectsDropdown();" class="link11" rel="nofollow">
Back to select subject
</a></span><span id="spnSubjectsInterested">
<select name="ucRegistrationWidget$ddlSubjectsInterested" id="ucRegistrationWidget_ddlSubjectsInterested" tabindex="9" class="landrop1" onchange="SelectSubject();" onkeydown="if(event.which || event.keyCode){if ((event.which == 13) || (event.keyCode == 13)) { if(ValidateSignUpForm() == true){__doPostBack('ucRegistrationWidget$btnAction',''); } return false; }} else {return true}; ">
<option value="-1">[Select]</option>
<option value="4">GRE</option>
<option value="5">GMAT</option>
<option value="6">SAT/CAT</option>
<option value="7">Programming/Internet</option>
<option value="8">Spoken English</option>
<option value="9">Spanish Language</option>
<option value="10">Others</option>
</select>
</span>
<input name="ucRegistrationWidget$hdnSubjectType" type="hidden" id="ucRegistrationWidget_hdnSubjectType" value="1" />
</span>
</div>
<div>
<span class="left-form1">
Word verification:</span> <span><span style="width: 132px; float: left">
<input name="ucRegistrationWidget$txtCaptcha" type="text" maxlength="4" id="ucRegistrationWidget_txtCaptcha" tabindex="10" class="laninput1" onblur="ValidateCaptchaCode(false);" onkeydown="if(event.which || event.keyCode){if ((event.which == 13) || (event.keyCode == 13)) { if(ValidateSignUpForm() == true){__doPostBack('ucRegistrationWidget$btnAction',''); } return false; }} else {return true}; " style="width: 125px;" />
<span class="txtland">(Enter the text as in image)</span> </span>
<span style="float: left; margin-top: -15px">
<div><span style='margin:5px;float:left;'><img src="CaptchaImage.aspx?guid=8874a4e7-39dd-4fe7-8b6d-68f30940a819&cc=RUJB" border='0' width=80 height=31></span><br clear='all'></div>
</span>
<br />
</span>
</div>
<div>
<span class="left-form1"></span><span>
<a onclick="return ValidateSignUpForm();" id="ucRegistrationWidget_btnAction" tabindex="10" class="signbutton" href="javascript:__doPostBack('ucRegistrationWidget$btnAction','')">Sign Up</a>
</span><span style="margin: 7px 0 0 5px">
Already a member? <a href="http://www.wiziq.com/Sign_In.aspx" class="ulink">
Sign In</a></span>
</div>
<div class="lighttxt11" style="border-top: dashed 1px #ccc; padding-top: 7px;">
I agree to WizIQ's
<a href="http://www.wiziq.com/UserAgreement.aspx" target="_blank">
User Agreement</a> & <a href="http://www.wiziq.com/PrivacyPolicy.aspx"
target="_blank">
Privacy Policy</a>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<script language="javascript" type="text/javascript">
var spnAlert = document.getElementById("ucRegistrationWidget_spnAlert");
var ddlCountry = document.getElementById("ucRegistrationWidget_ddlCountry");
var spnCountryCodeTxt = document.getElementById("ucRegistrationWidget_spnCountryCodeTxt");
var txtCountryCode = document.getElementById("ucRegistrationWidget_txtMobCountry");
var txtMobileNo = document.getElementById("ucRegistrationWidget_txtMobileNo");
var spnSubjectsInterested = document.getElementById('spnSubjectsInterested');
var spnTxtOtherSubjects = document.getElementById('spnTxtOtherSubjects');
var hdnSubjectType = document.getElementById("ucRegistrationWidget_hdnSubjectType");
var ddlSubject = document.getElementById("ucRegistrationWidget_ddlSubjectsInterested");
var countryCode = "1"
var isMoileChecked = IsMobileSelected();
var alertMsg = "";
var classtxtbox = "laninput1";
if (countryCode == "") // get countrycode from hidden var in case of page post back
countryCode = document.getElementById("ucRegistrationWidget_hdnCountryCode").value;
function ValidateSignUpForm()
{
var isValidInfo = false;
var isfocus = true;
var isValidCaptcha = ValidateCaptchaCode(isfocus);
var isValidMobile = ValidateMobileNumber(isfocus);
var isValidMobileCountry = ValidateMobileCountry(isfocus);
var isValidCountry = validateCountry(isfocus);
var isValidPassword = ValidatePassword(isfocus);
var isValidEmail = ValidateEmail(isfocus);
var isValidName = ValidateName(isfocus);
if (isValidCaptcha && isValidMobile && isValidMobileCountry && isValidCountry && isValidPassword && isValidEmail && isValidName)
isValidInfo = true;
return isValidInfo;
}
//Set Object //alert
function SetObjectAlert(obj, alertMsg, isfocus) {
if (isfocus) {
obj.focus();
obj.blur();
obj.focus();
}
spnAlert.style.display = "none";
obj.className = classtxtbox + " error_bdr";
if (trimString(alertMsg) != "") {
spnAlert.style.display = "block";
spnAlert.innerHTML = alertMsg;
}
}
//Validate User Name
function ValidateName(isfocus) {
var isValidName = true;
alertMsg = "none";
var txtName = document.getElementById('ucRegistrationWidget_txtName');
txtName.className = classtxtbox;
if (trimString(txtName.value) != "") {
var iChars = "~#$%^&*()+=[]\';,/{}|\":<>?";
for (var i = 0; i < txtName.value.length; i++) {
if (iChars.indexOf(txtName.value.charAt(i)) != -1) {
isValidName = false;
alertMsg = "Special characters not allowed."
}
}
}
else {
alertMsg = "Please enter your name.";
isValidName = false;
}
if (isValidName) {
if (!isfocus)
spnAlert.innerHTML = "";
}
else
SetObjectAlert(txtName, alertMsg, isfocus);
return isValidName;
}
//Validate User Email
function ValidateEmail(isfocus) {
var isValidEmail = true;
var txtEmail = document.getElementById('ucRegistrationWidget_txtEmail');
txtEmail.className = classtxtbox;
if (trimString(txtEmail.value) != "")
isValidEmail = IsValidEmail(trimString(txtEmail.value));
else
isValidEmail = false;
if (!isValidEmail) {
alertMsg = "Please enter a valid email address.";
SetObjectAlert(txtEmail, alertMsg, isfocus);
}
else {
if(CheckEmailExists(txtEmail, isfocus))
isValidEmail = false;
if (!isValidEmail && !isfocus)
spnAlert.innerHTML = "";
}
return isValidEmail;
}
//Check Regex for User Email
function IsValidEmail(src) {
var emailReg = /^([a-zA-Z0-9])+([\.a-zA-Z0-9_-])*@([a-zA-Z0-9_-])+(\.[a-zA-Z0-9_-]+)+$/;
var regex = new RegExp(emailReg);
return regex.test(src);
}
//Validate User Password
function ValidatePassword(isfocus) {
var isValidPass = true;
var txtPass = document.getElementById("ucRegistrationWidget_txtPassword");
txtPass.className = classtxtbox;
if (trimString(txtPass.value) != "") {
if (txtPass.value.length < 6) {
isValidPass = false;
alertMsg = "Password should be 6 or more characters.";
}
}
else {
alertMsg = "Please enter your password.";
isValidPass = false;
}
if (isValidPass == false)
SetObjectAlert(txtPass, alertMsg, isfocus);
else {
if (!isfocus)
spnAlert.innerHTML = "";
}
return isValidPass;
}
//Validate User Mobile Number
function ValidateMobileNumber(isfocus)
{
var isValidMob = true;
var lengthLimit = 8;
txtMobileNo.className = classtxtbox;
isMoileChecked = IsMobileSelected();
if(!isMoileChecked)
lengthLimit = 6;
//Validate Mobile Number if Mobile Number filled or Area Code filled in case of Landline Selected
if (trimString(txtMobileNo.value) != "" || (trimString(txtCountryCode.value) != "" && !isMoileChecked))
{
if (IsPhoneValid(txtMobileNo.value) == false || (txtMobileNo.value.length < lengthLimit))
isValidMob = false;
}
if (!isValidMob)
{
if (isMoileChecked)
alertMsg = "Please enter a valid mobile number.";
else
alertMsg = "Please enter a valid landline number.";
SetObjectAlert(txtMobileNo, alertMsg, isfocus);
}
else if (!isfocus)
spnAlert.innerHTML = "";
return isValidMob;
}
//Validate Country
function validateCountry(isfocus)
{
var isValidCountry = true;
ddlCountry.className = "landrop1";
if (ddlCountry.value == -1)
{
isValidCountry = false;
alertMsg = "Please select your country.";
SetObjectAlert(ddlCountry, alertMsg, isfocus);
ddlCountry.className = "landrop1 error_bdr";
}
else {
if (!isfocus)
spnAlert.innerHTML = "";
}
return isValidCountry;
}
//Validate Mobile Country
function ValidateMobileCountry(isfocus)
{
var isValidMobCountry = true;
var className = "countrybx";
isMoileChecked = IsMobileSelected();
if(isMoileChecked)
className = "txtbx-disable form-plus-disable";
txtCountryCode.className = className
if (trimString(txtMobileNo.value) != "" || trimString(txtCountryCode.value) != "")
{
if (trimString(txtCountryCode.value) != "")
isValidMobCountry = IsValidMobileCountry(trimString(txtCountryCode.value), isMoileChecked);
else
isValidMobCountry = false;
if (!isValidMobCountry)
{
if (isMoileChecked)
{
alertMsg = "Please enter a valid mobile number.";
className = "txtbx-disable form-plus-disable error_bdr";
}
else
{
alertMsg = "Please enter a valid landline number.";
className = "countrybx-errbdr";
}
SetObjectAlertNew(txtCountryCode, alertMsg, isfocus,className);
}
else if (!isfocus)
spnAlert.innerHTML = "";
}
return isValidMobCountry;
}
//Check Regex for Mobile number
function IsPhoneValid(Number) {
var MobileReg = "^[-+.0-9 ][-+.0-9\-(\s?), ]+[ -+.0-9]$";
var regex = new RegExp(MobileReg);
return regex.test(Number);
}
function IsValidMobileCountry(Code, isMobile)
{
var isValidCountryCode = true;
if(isMobile)
{
var MobileCodeReg = "^[0-9]{1,4}\-?[0-9]{0,4}$";
var regex = new RegExp(MobileCodeReg);
isValidCountryCode = regex.test(trimString(Code));
}
else if(isNaN(Code))
isValidCountryCode = false;
return isValidCountryCode;
}
function ShowSubjectsDropdown()
{
hdnSubjectType.value = "1";
spnSubjectsInterested.style.display = "block";
spnTxtOtherSubjects.style.display = "none";
ddlSubject.value = -1 ;
ddlSubject.focus();
}
function SelectSubject()
{
var ddlSubjectVal = ddlSubject.options[ddlSubject.selectedIndex].text;
if (ddlSubjectVal.toLowerCase() == "others")
{
hdnSubjectType.value = "2";
spnSubjectsInterested.style.display = "none";
spnTxtOtherSubjects.style.display = "block";
document.getElementById('ucRegistrationWidget_txtSubjects').focus();
}
}
function ValidateCaptchaCode(isfocus) {
var txtCaptcha = document.getElementById('ucRegistrationWidget_txtCaptcha');
txtCaptcha.className = classtxtbox;
var isValidCaptcha = true;
if (txtCaptcha && trimString(txtCaptcha.value) == "")
isValidCaptcha = false
if (!isValidCaptcha) {
alertMsg = "Type the characters you see in the image.";
SetObjectAlert(txtCaptcha, alertMsg, isfocus);
}
else {
if (!isfocus)
spnAlert.innerHTML = "";
}
return isValidCaptcha;
}
//have to remove this function bcoz this exists in jquery
function trimString(str) {
str = this != window ? this : str;
return str.replace(/^\s+/g, '').replace(/\s+$/g, '');
}
function CheckEmailExists(txtEmail, isfocus) {
var isEmailExists = false;
var j = jQuery.noConflict();
j.ajax({
url: 'http://www.wiziq.com' + '/Action/CheckEmail.aspx',
type: 'GET',
data: 'userid=' + txtEmail.value,
success: function (msg) {
var arrEmail = msg.split("~");
var status = arrEmail[0];
if (status == "False") {
isEmailExists = true;
}
else
SetObjectAlert(txtEmail, arrEmail[1], isfocus);
}
});
return isEmailExists;
}
function SetLandlineCountryCode()
{
txtMobileNo.value = "";
txtCountryCode.value = "";
txtCountryCode.className = "countrybx";
spnCountryCodeTxt.innerHTML = "Area code";
txtCountryCode.disabled = false;
txtCountryCode.focus();
var isValid = ValidateMobileNumber(false);
}
function SetMobileCountryCode()
{
txtMobileNo.value = "";
txtCountryCode.className = "txtbx-disable form-plus-disable" ;
spnCountryCodeTxt.innerHTML= "Country code";
txtCountryCode.value = countryCode;
document.getElementById("ucRegistrationWidget_hdnCountryCode").value = countryCode;
txtCountryCode.disabled = true;
txtMobileNo.focus();
var isValid = ValidateMobileNumber(false);
}
function changeCountryCode()
{
if(validateCountry(false))
{
isMobileChecked = IsMobileSelected();
GetAndSetCountryCode(ddlCountry.options[ddlCountry.selectedIndex].text,isMobileChecked);
}
else
{
txtCountryCode.value = "";
txtCountryCode.className = "countrybx";
}
}
function GetAndSetCountryCode(countryName,isMobileChecked)
{
var t = jQuery.noConflict();
t.ajax({
url: 'http://www.wiziq.com' + '/Action/country-code.aspx',
type: 'POST',
data: 'cname=' + countryName,
success: function (response)
{
countryCode = response;
if(countryCode != "" && isMobileChecked == true)//Set Mobile Country Code
SetMobileCountryCode();
}
});
}
//Set Object //alert
function SetObjectAlertNew(obj, alertMsg, isfocus, className)
{
if (isfocus)
{
obj.focus();
obj.blur();
obj.focus();
}
spnAlert.style.display = "none";
obj.className = className;
if (trimString(alertMsg) != "")
{
spnAlert.style.display = "block";
spnAlert.innerHTML = alertMsg;
}
}
function IsMobileSelected()
{
return document.getElementById("ucRegistrationWidget_rdMobile").checked;
}
switch (parseInt(1))
{
case 1://Focus Action Button
document.getElementById('ucRegistrationWidget_btnAction').focus();
break;
case 2://Focus captcha box
document.getElementById('ucRegistrationWidget_txtCaptcha').focus();
break;
case 3: //Focus Name box
document.getElementById('ucRegistrationWidget_txtName').focus();
break;
default: //Focus email box
document.getElementById('ucRegistrationWidget_btnAction').focus();
break;
}
</script>
</div>
<div class="leftheadingboxextand">
<div class="usercontrol bluedv">
<div class="uploaderimg mimgdv">
<div class="fleft"style="width:185px;">
<strong><a id="MemberControl1_hlnkBy" href="http://www.wiziq.com/sanjay1059636">sanjay virja</a></strong><br /><span id="MemberControl1_spanSubject" style="padding-top: 3px;">PHP PROGRAMMER</span>
</div>
<div class="fright" style="padding:3px 5px 5px 0px">
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<div id="MemberControl1_dvContent" class="bluetxt11 fleft">
<span class="fleft" style="padding-right:5px; padding-left:10px;"><a href="http://www.wiziq.com/sanjay1059636/tutorials" id="MemberControl1_HrefContent" title="Public Tutorials by sanjay virja">Tutorials</a>:</span>
<span class="fleft"><a href="http://www.wiziq.com/sanjay1059636/tutorials" id="MemberControl1_HrefContentCount" style="text-decoration:none" title="Public Tutorials by sanjay virja"><span id="MemberControl1_lblContent">2</span></a></span>
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<div id="MemberControl1_divInvite" class="fnt12 contentdv" style="width:252px; padding:5px 4px;background-color:#DAEDFB; border-top: 1px solid #D2E4F2;">
<div class="fleft">
<div id="MemberControl1_divSend">
<div class="sendmessageicon fleft">
<a href="http://www.wiziq.com/Action/GenericSignUp.aspx?&SetDomain=true&redirecturl=/Content/view_content.aspx?ContentID=111662-php-metarial~sm=y&ModuleObjectId=111662&moduleid=2&keepThis=true&TB_iframe=true&height=410&width=640" id="MemberControl1_hrefSendMessage" rel="nofollow" class="thickbox" style="font-size:11px;">Send message</a>
</div>
<div class="fleft">
<span class="fleft padleft5"><div id="MemberControl1_ucFollow_dvmain" style="display:block; ">
<span id="MemberControl1_ucFollow_spfollow" class="icon_followteacher fleft">
<a href="http://www.wiziq.com/Action/LCSignUp.aspx?method=FollowMemberAction&mval=false&sparams=sVcdujT6kMoq94%2fnfIcKdeuChe8eEpjsEMV12wyvdwR8tabZVxwEbn4an7vaIp%2fiHe9aep5NmQNg8DzHl7BAM%2b66O%2bZj2bqvjM5DFaMImf8bK0lTZKZbz3%2fzQjCdlqF2lQdF0jAfGlVmHw94c20lxzLAwzm0Qrb%2f7mLmSI55y6I56GpnUIvVsc1GYsHU9%2bPfZ2UZQzBoJF9sENPt%2bZ4m5jL5fydKtmrP&SetDomain=true&moduleid=54&tId=ioUrEwcdPaKitBgGKC4kE97B7DJZvUiBd2uVvK%2fJjV7peLx5vkdg9ySr5eMxUZYcQpmHt4HAu9qjb00FdZU%2bzg%3d%3d&keepThis=true&TB_iframe=true&height=420&width=410" id="MemberControl1_ucFollow_hrfFollow" class="thickbox " rel="nofollow" style="font-weight:bold;font-size:11px;">Follow this Member</a>
</span>
<span id="spFollowing" class="icon_followteacher fleft" style="display:none;">
<span id="spFollowingText" class="lighttxt11 fleft" style="font-weight:bold;font-size:11px;" >Following (</span>
<span class="fleft"> <a href="javascript:void(0);" id="MemberControl1_ucFollow_hrfUnfollow" class="ulink" style="padding-left:0px; float:left;" rel="nofollow">Unfollow</a></span>
<span id="Span3" class="lighttxt11 fleft" style="font-weight:bold;font-size:11px;padding-left: 0px;">)</span>
</span>
</div>
<script type="text/javascript" >
if ("false" == "true") {
document.getElementById('MemberControl1_ucFollow_spfollow').style.display="none";
document.getElementById('spFollowing').style.display="inline";
}
else {
document.getElementById('MemberControl1_ucFollow_spfollow').style.display="block";
document.getElementById('spFollowing').style.display="none";
}
function followMember(Qstring)
{
try {
var spFollowing = document.getElementById('spFollowing');
document.getElementById('MemberControl1_ucFollow_spfollow').style.display="none";
spFollowing.style.display="inline";
if(parseInt("1059636") > 0)
{
j.ajax
( { url:'http://www.wiziq.com/Contacts/Ajax/follow-member.aspx',
type: 'POST',
data: 'Qstring=' + Qstring,
error: function(){ //alert('ACTIVITY ERROR');
},
success: function(msg)
{
// alert("ajax call succeess");
}}
);
}
}catch(ex){alert(ex);}
}
function callfw() {
if ('' != "") {
try {
HTMLElement.prototype.click = function () {
var evt = this.ownerDocument.createEvent('MouseEvents');
evt.initMouseEvent('click', true, true, this.ownerDocument.defaultView, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, false, false, false, false, 0, null);
this.dispatchEvent(evt);
}
}
catch (e) {
}
document.getElementById('MemberControl1_ucFollow_hrfFollow').click();
}
}
</script> </span>
</div>
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<script language="javascript" type="text/javascript">
function callsm()
{
if ('' != "")
{
try
{
HTMLElement.prototype.click = function() {
var evt = this.ownerDocument.createEvent('MouseEvents');
evt.initMouseEvent('click', true, true, this.ownerDocument.defaultView, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, false, false, false, false, 0, null);
this.dispatchEvent(evt);}
}
catch(e)
{
}
document.getElementById('MemberControl1_hrefSendMessage').click();
}
}
</script>
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