Infection Control Seminar: H1N1 Virus : Infection Control Seminar: H1N1 Virus My name is Anneliese Garrison
www.caring4you.net
I have been a nurse since 1997 and since 2000, I have been helping nursing students in America and abroad, pass their Licensure Exam (known as the NCLEX).
Today’s Agenda : Today’s Agenda Today we will discuss the H1N1 Virus. This is one small part of my 10 hour
CENTER FOR DISEASE CONTROL GUIDELINES FOR THE NCLEX. Infection Control knowledge for the NCLEX now consists of 8 – 14 % of the test items. Turn to page 9 in your work booklets.
Items Discussed in my Infection Control Seminar For The NCLEX : Items Discussed in my Infection Control Seminar For The NCLEX Standard Precautions: We discuss in detail and depth when to wear gloves, gowns, masks, a respiratory and face shields and whether they have sterile or standard. This lays the foundation
for the rest of the seminar. Airborne Precautions: Understanding when to use Airborne precautions will help you choose how to select what room your pt should be in during their hospital stay. Plenty of questions pertaining to this are in the back of the 36 page booklet.
Discussed in my Infection Control Seminar For The NCLEX : Discussed in my Infection Control Seminar For The NCLEX H1N1 Virus: (Today) Understanding the Novel H1N1 virus as it pertains to you, the community and the hospital. Steps to take to prevent it. Learn how to properly administer treatment. Learn how to Care for person with this virus. Droplet Precautions Understanding when to use droplet precautions will help you choose how to select what room your pt should be in during their hospital stay. Plenty of questions pertaining to this are in the back of the 36 page booklet.
Discussed in my Infection Control Seminar For The NCLEX : Discussed in my Infection Control Seminar For The NCLEX Contact Precautions: Understanding when to use contact precautions will help you choose how to select what room your pt should be in during their hospital stay. LOTS of questions on the NCLEX with regards of whom to room with whom. Tuberculosis Prevention: TB is once again on the rise in the United States. Due to this fact, questions will be asked on the NCLEX. I not only explain how to care for your pt. but how to care for yourself and the community at large.
Novel H1N1 Flu : Novel H1N1 Flu This virus was originally referred to as “swine flu” because laboratory testing showed that many of the genes in this new virus were very similar to influenza viruses that normally occur in pigs (swine) in North America.
Novel H1N1 Flu : Novel H1N1 Flu But further study has shown that this new virus is very different from what normally circulates in
North American pigs. It has two genes from flu viruses that normally circulate in pigs in Europe and Asia and bird (avian) genes and human genes. Scientists call this a "quadruple reassortant" virus. + +
The difference between swine flu and H1N1 : The difference between swine flu and H1N1 The terms are both sometimes used interchangeably to mean the 2009 Swine Flu of the Pandemic, but more appropriately, that virus should be called the "A-H1N1/09 Influenza" (or "Influenza A, Novel H1N1 virus"; "H1N1/09 Pandemic Flu"; or "2009 Swine Flu").
The difference between swine flu and H1N1 : The difference between swine flu and H1N1 But, also, "Swine Flu" is a name that has been used more generally (historically) to talk about an animal flu that was first identified in the 1930's and was known to have originated in hogs. However, in the 1930’s it was transmitted hog to hog and not across species as is today’s “swine flu”.
Swine Flu is a nick name used for: : Swine Flu is a nick name used for: "Novel" H1N1 (the 2009 pandemic flu),
the original H1N1 in humans from the 1930's,
the "Swine Flu" from the 70's, 80's, and,
the H1N1 virus that caused flu in pigs from which the other strains evolved.
The important thing to know is: : The important thing to know is: All swine flus and H1N1 viruses are forms (sub-types) of the Type A Influenza.
There are "H1N1" influenza viruses that are not "swine flu", some types of the seasonal flu are actually also H1N1.
H1N1 Dissected : H1N1 Dissected H stands for Hemagglutinin with 1 strain protein. N stands for Neuraminidase with 1 strain protein. A stands for type "A" virus which is a common virus.
Hence, Influenza is a fancy name for the common cold. “The flu”. Influenza A refers to H1N1 (NOT on the NCLEX)
How Is H1N1 Transmitted? : How Is H1N1 Transmitted? According to the World Health Organization, this spread is "sustained," meaning it has spread more than once or twice past the initial pig-to-human infections. It is not known, however, how easily the virus spreads among humans. It may or may not be very contagious.
Use Droplet Precautions : Use Droplet Precautions Swine flu is thought to spread from person to person in exactly the same way as seasonal ("regular") flu. The primary means of transmission is sick people coughing and sneezing on healthy people. Tiny droplets of saliva and mucus carry the virus through the air and infect new people.
Use Contact Precautions : Use Contact Precautions Another means of transmission takes place when healthy people touch surfaces contaminated by the virus (after, for example, being coughed on or touched by a sick person), then touch their mouths or mucous membranes.
High Risk Individuals : High Risk Individuals Women who are pregnancy
People with chronic lung diseases (Ex: COPD or emphysema due to poor 02 exchange)
Older adults due to lack of inability to fight infection
The very young, for the same reason
High Risk Conditions : High Risk Conditions Cardiovascular conditions (except high blood pressure)
Liver problems
Kidney problems
Blood disorders, including sickle-cell disease
High Risk Conditions : High Risk Conditions Neurologic disorders
Neuromuscular disorders
Metabolic disorders, including diabetes
Immune suppression, including HIV infection and medications that suppress the immune system
High Risk Conditions : High Risk Conditions Residency in a nursing home or other chronic-care facility
A striking number of adults who developed severe swine flu complications have been morbidly obese. However, obesity itself does not seem to be the issue.
Who Should Get Vaccinated? : Who Should Get Vaccinated? Anyone at high risk for complications due to virus
Those caring for high risk individuals
Pregnant women
People who live with or care for children younger than 6 months of age Children and young people between the ages of 6 months and 24 years
Health care workers and emergency medical service providers
Signs and Symptoms : Signs and Symptoms fever
cough
sore throat
runny or stuffy nose body aches
headache
chills
fatigue
sometimes diarrhea and vomiting It is important to know that not everyone with
the virus will have a fever.
What Should One Do If They Get Sick? : What Should One Do If They Get Sick? If you get sick with flu-like symptoms this flu season, you should stay home and avoid contact with other people except to get medical care. Most people with 2009 H1N1 have had mild illness and have not needed medical care or antiviral drugs and the same is true of seasonal flu.
Guidelines For Proper Vaccination : Guidelines For Proper Vaccination The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has approved the use of one dose of vaccine against 2009 H1N1 influenza virus for persons 10 years of age and older.
Guidelines For Proper Vaccination : Guidelines For Proper Vaccination For children who are 6 months through 9 years of age, two doses of the vaccine are recommended. These two doses should be separated by 4 weeks. Infants younger than 6 months of age are too young to get any influenza vaccine.
Do Not Get Vaccinated If, : People who are allergic to eggs might be at risk for allergic reactions from receiving any influenza vaccine. People who have had any of the following symptoms or experiences should consult with a doctor or other medical professional before considering any influenza vaccination: Do Not Get Vaccinated If,
Do Not Get Vaccinated If, : hives or swelling of the lips or tongue after eating eggs
acute respiratory distress (trouble breathing) after eating eggs
documented hypersensitivity to eggs, including those who have had asthma related to egg exposure at their workplace or other allergic responses to egg protein Do Not Get Vaccinated If,
Do Not Get Vaccinated If, : Because children with severe asthma are at high risk of serious complications from influenza, a regimen has been developed for giving influenza vaccine to children with severe asthma and egg hypersensitivity.
2 Things Eggs and Breathing Difficulties.
Now let us try some NCLEX Type
Questions: Page 31 in your booklets Do Not Get Vaccinated If,
Question 1 : Question 1 1. The H1N1 swine flu virus is the same as human H1N1 virus.
A. True
B. False
Question 2 : Question 2 2. What is the Human H1N1 Virus?
a. A common seasonal flu virus.
b. Believed to be a hybrid of pig, bird, and human flu viruses.
c. Only found in pigs (swine).
d. Deadly, killing almost everyone who is infected.
Question 3 : Question 3 3. H1N1 can be transmitted by each of the following, except:
a. Large-particle droplets.
b. Touching contaminated surfaces.
c. Diarrheal stool.
d. Eating pork or pork products.
Question 4 : Question 4 4. A person with confirmed H1N1 flu virus is potentially infectious for how long after the onset of illness?
a. 10 days
b. 12 days
c. 14 days
d. 16 days
Question 5 : Question 5 5. Typical symptoms of those infected with H1N1 flu include all of the
following except:
a. Blurred vision.
b. Fever, chills, and headache.
c. Vomiting or diarrhea.
d. Cough and sore throat.
Question 6 : Question 6 6. H1N1 virus differs from other flu virus in
that it appears to damage alveoli of the lungs.
a. False
b. True
Question 7 : Question 7 7. All of the following groups are at high risk
for complications of H1N1 influenza except:
a. Residents of nursing homes or other long-term care facilities.
b. Persons who are morbidly obese.
c. Middle-aged men.
d. Pregnant women.
Question 8 : Question 8 8. A probable case of H1N1 virus infection is defined as a person who:
a. Has no flu symptoms but has traveled to where there have been confirmed cases.
b. Has tested positive for influenza A but negative for human H1 and H3.
c. Is a previously healthy person less than 65 years who has been hospitalized for ILI.
d. Lives near or works with pigs.
Question 9 : Question 9 9. Antiviral treatment with drugs such as zanamivir (Relenza) or oseltamivir (Tamiflu) is:
a. Most effective when treatment is started within 48 hours of illness onset.
b. Recommended only for people with asthma or COPD.
c. Likely to make symptoms more severe but speed recovery.
d. Not to be administered more than 48 hours after onset of symptoms.
Question 10 : Question 10 10. The H1N1 flu is resistant to:
a. Peramivir
b. Famciclovir
c. Abatacept (Orencia)
d. Rimantadine (Flumadine)