Simon explains that usually a decision is compounded of
One value statement and several fact statements
Several value statements and one fact statement
One fact statement and one value statement
Several value statement and several fact statements
The condition in which when one knows a few alternatives of which he knows a few of the consequences, and he chooses out of these alternatives is known as
Objective rationality
Subjective rationality
Limited alternative
None of the above
In the words of Herbert Simon, human beings satisfice because they have not the wits to
Minimize
Synthesise
Optimize
Maximize
If we have already made a decision, this decision prevents us from taking another decision, this element is called
Forbidding cost
Decision cost
Sunk cost
None of the above
The step necessary in rational decision making include
Recognizing the problem
Searching for alternatives
Classifying the decisions
All of the above
The decision for which we do not have any precedence or rules and regulations to direct us is known as
Programmed decision
Vague decision
Unprogrammed decision
Abstract decision
By increasing the knowledge by gathering more facts and by evaluating the probabilities ____ is promoted.
Rationality
Punctuality
Morality
None of the above
In the process of decision making acceptability can be secured by
Force
Emotional empathy
Appreciation
All of the above
Who defined decision-making as “the selection of one behaviour alternative from two or more possible alternatives”?
Hudson
Terry
Simon
Barnard
Which of the following authors regarded communication as “the blood stream of administrative organization”?
Pfiffner
Appleby
Millett
Newman
In a wider connotation, the term communication includes
Interchange of thoughts
Partaking of ideas
Sense of participation and sharing
All of the above
In an organization communications may be
Internal
External
Interpersonal
All of the above
Who defined delegation as “conferring authority from one executive or organization unit to another”?
Mooney
Tead
Terry
Hudson
The person delegating authority does not surrender his overall responsibility and retains the power of
Inspection
Supervision
Control and review
All of the above
The approaches identified for decision-making process include
The bargaining approach
The participative approach
The public choice approach
All of the above
Who pointed out that decision-making is essentially value-laden and conflict prone?
Hudson
Lindblom
Simon
Terry
The proponents of the public choice school are in favour of turning over governmental functions to the
Private sector
Corporate sector
Both public and private sector
None of the above
The different approaches to decision making underline the importance of
Unanimity in decision making
Variety in decision making
Plurality of ways of decision making
All of the above
“The Garbage Can Model” of decision-making was developed by
Michael D. Cohen
James G. March
Johan P. Olsen
All of the above
Which of the following basically concentrates on the individual and the organization to bring out the social and psychological processes involved in decision-making?
The management sciences
The behavioural sciences
The natural sciences
None of the above