Which of these is a limitation of using ROI as a measure of corporate performance?
It is a common denominator that can be compared with many entities
It provides an incentive to use existing assets efficiently
The business cycle strongly effects ROI performance, often despite managerial performance
ROI is a single comprehensive figure influenced by everything that happens
Which of these is after-tax operating profit minus the total annual cost of capital?
EVA
Balanced scorecard
MVA
Management audits
Which of these combines financial measures that tell the results of actions already taken with operational measures on customer satisfaction, internal processes, and the corporation’s innovation and improvement activities?
Balanced scorecard
EVA
Management audits
MVA
In which of these responsibility centers is production measured without consideration of resource costs?
Standard cost centers
Revenue centers
Expense centers
Profit centers
Which of these refers to a phenomenon when people substitute activities that do not lead to goal accomplishment for activities that do lead to goal accomplishment because the wrong activities are being rewarded?
Behavior substitution
Sub optimization
Short-term orientation
Transfer pricing
Which of these methods is particularly appropriate for measuring and rewarding the performance of top SBU managers and group level executives when performance factors and their importance vary from one SBU to another?
Strategic-funds method
Long-term evaluation method
Output controls method
Weighted-factor method
A company following a concentration strategy emphasizing vertical or horizontal growth would probably want which of these as their CEO?
A turnaround specialist
An analytical portfolio manager
A dynamic industry expert
A professional liquidator
An analytical portfolio manager is probably suited for a company following which of these strategies?
A concentration strategy
A diversification strategy
A stability strategy
A retrenchment strategy
Moving people from one job to another to ensure that they are gaining the appropriate mix of experiences to prepare them for future responsibilities is refereed to as ________
Job rotation
Job enlargement
Job simplification
Job enrichment
Which of these refers to the planned elimination of positions or jobs?
Rightsizing
Executive succession
Assessment centers
Management by objectives
_______ involves the domination of one organization over the other.
Assimilation
Separation
Integration
Deculturation
All of these are TQM’s essential ingredients except______
An intense focus on management by objectives
Accurate measurement of every critical variable in a company’s operations
New work relationships based on trust and teamwork
Continuous improvement of products and services
Which of these is the process by which strategic and policies are put into action through the development of program, budgets, and procedures?
Strategy implementation
Synergy
Reengineering
Job enrichment
Which of these is said to exist for a divisional corporation if the ROI for each division is greater than what the return would be if each division were an independent business?
Strategy implementation
Synergy
Reengineering
Job enrichment
Which of these represents Stage I of the structural stages of corporate development?
Functional structure
Divisional structure
Network structure
Simple structure
A crisis of autonomy generally develops in which structural stage of corporate development?
Stage I
Stage II
Stage III
Stage IV
Concentric and conglomerate diversification
Strategies are popular in which of these organizational life cycle stages?
Birth
Growth
Maturity
Decline
In which of these structures are functional and product forms combined simultaneously at the same level of the organization?
Divisional structure
Network structure
Simple structure
Matrix structure
According to Davis and Lawrence, all of these distinct phases exist in the development of the matrix structure except ________
Virtual matrix
A mature matrix
Temporary cross-functional task forces
A product/brand management
A corporation organized along which of these structures is often called a virtual organization?
Divisional structure
Matrix structure
Network structure
Functional structure
Altering the jobs by giving the worker more autonomy and control over activities is refereed to as_________
Job rotation
Job enrichment
Job enlargements
Job synergy
In which stage of international development is an organization primarily a domestic company with an international division?
Stage 2
Stage 4
Stage 5
Stage 3
According to the study by Chicago consultants Kuczmarski and associates, only one in_____new product ideas ever made it into test markets.
Two
38
Five
13
Which of these provides useful information on new product directions?
Technology research
Consumer preference research
Traditional market research
Corporate culture
A company’s spending on R & D as a percentage of sales revenue is called its _________
R & D efficiency
R & D intensity
R & D effectiveness
R & D output
Time to market is an important issue because
_______ percent of patented innovations are generally imitated within four years at __________ percent of the cost of innovation.
60; 65
20; 40
80; 20
70; 30
Which of these is not a process R & D innovation activity?
Fester distribution
Improved manufacturing facility
Physical attributes and capabilities of product
Increasing product quality
Strategic alliances, when a firm can not afford the cost of developing new technology themselves, can be all of these except ________
Joint programs or contracts to develop a new technology
Joint ventures establishing a separate company to take a new product to market
Minority investments in innovative firms
Acquisition of competitors to gain their capital for technology development
R & D creates a capacity in affirm to assimilate and exploit new knowledge. This is called a company’s
__________
Market development capacity
Absorptive capacity
Product development capacity
Competitive intelligence capacity
Which of these is someone in top management who articulates the need for innovation, provides funding for innovative activities, and creates incentives for middle managers to sponsor new ideas?
A product champion
A sponsor
An orchestrator
A devil’s advocate
Which of these is the first stage of the new product development?
Idea generation
Market testing
Concept development and screening
Design and development
When the relatedness of the unit’s operations to those of the corporation is strong and the strategic importance of the new business to the corporation is very important, the appropriate organizational design for corporate entrepreneurship is ___________
A complete spin-off
Nurturing and contracting
A special business unit
A direct integration
According to the U.S. Small Business Administration, what percent of all new businesses fail within two years?
11 percent
24 percent
47 percent
63 percent
A person who organizes and manages a business undertaking and who assumes risk for the sake of a profit is called the _________
Manager
Strategist
Entrepreneur
orchestrator
All of these are reasons often cited for the apparent lack of strategic planning practices in many small – business firms except_________
Lack of financial resources
Not enough time
Unfamiliar with strategic planning
Lack of skills
Which of these is the first step in a strategic decision-making process for entrepreneurial ventures?
Generate a business plan
Analyze the strategic factors
Develop the basic business idea
Scan the environment
Which of these is the final step of strategy formulation in a strategy decision-making process for new ventures?
Generate a business plan
Evaluate performance against projections
Scan the environment
Decide go or no go
All of these, according to Peter Drucker, are sources for sources for innovative opportunity except____
Demographics
New knowledge
Changes in perception, mood and meaning
personality
Changes in the population’s size, age, structure, composition, employment, level of education, the income of these sources of innovative opportunity?
Changes in industry or market structure
The incongruity
Demographics
Changes in perception, mood and meaning
Which of these factors, according to Hofer and Sandberg, is the most important affecting new venture success?
Business strategy
Industry structure
Entrepreneurial characteristics
The incongruity
All of these entrepreneurial characteristics are key to a new venture’s success except______
A sense of urgency
Physical stamina
The ability to stay introvert
Access to outside help
The key problems in which of these stages are how to grow rapidly and how to finance that growth?
Take-off
Survival
Success
Resources maturity
Which of these is not an example of a typical not-for- profit organizations?
Organized charities
State universities
Prisons
Family businesses
Preferred tax status to non-stuck corporations is given in section_______ of the U.S. Internal Revenue code in the form of exemptions from corporate income taxes
501(c) (3)
806(13) (b)
309(a) (17)
227 (13.1) (b)
Which of these is not a revenue source for not-for-profit organizations?
Donation
Funding from a sponsoring agency
Revenue from the sale of its hoods and services to customers (cost plus profit)
Government grants/funding