Name the enzyme that is used to seal breaks in the DNA
DNA polymerase
DNA transcriptse
DNA ligase
DNA helicase
The first step in the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is......
primer extension
annealing
denaturation
cooling
Bacteria protect themselves from viruses by fragmenting viral DNA upon entry with.....
endonucleases
methylases
ligases
biotin
All fragments cut by most restriction endonucleases have.....
complementary double-stranded ends
double-stranded "sticky" ends
double-stranded supplementary ends
complementary single-stranded ends
What is recombinant DNA?
DNA that is produced as a result of crossing over
DNA that carries genes from different organisms
an alternate form of DNA that is the product of a mutation
DNA that carries a translocation
Ethical dilemmas raised by DNA technology and knowledge of the human genome include
the safety of GM foods
the potential discrimination against people predisposed to certain diseases
the appropriateness of creating new plants, animals, and microorganisms
all of the above
If a strand of DNA has the sequence AAGCTC, transcription will result in a
single DNA strand with the sequence:
TTCGAG
single RNA strand with the sequence:
TTCGAG
single RNA strand with the sequence:
UUCGAG
none of the above
Plasmids are
short loops of bacterial RNA
DNA fragments produced by bacterial action on viruses
short loops of bacterial DNA
are synthetic loops of DNA
DNA fingerprinting can be used for
identification of suspects in criminal cases
proving paternity
determining species
all of the above
To check if a recombinant plasmid has been incorporated into a bacterium, you use
antibiotic screening
normal gene probes
radioactive gene probes
Which enzyme can be used to convert mRNA to DNA?
reverse transcriptase
RNA- DNAse
RNA transcriptase
What organisms have been modified to produce chymosin
Yeasts
Bacteria
Plants
Viruses
Which group of people would oppose gene technology?
Diabetics
Haemophiliacs
Geneticists
Clergy
What is not a valid concern of GM crops?
possible disruption to food chains because some insect species are destroyed
the development of resistance to GM insecticides in crops by some insects
possible disruption to food chains by pollen from GM crops hybridising with other plants to give them herbicide or insect resistance.
increase of crop productivity for farmers
How do ligases work?
ligases catalyse the formation of phosphodiester bonds between the pentoses and phosphate groups of two adjacent DNA chains.
ligases catalyse the formation of hydrogen bonds between complementary base pairs
ligases catalyse bond formation between bases and the sugar-phosphate backbone
What is cDNA?
DNA that is completely unchanged
Coding DNA
DNA with introns spliced out
Coiled DNA
How are plasmids obtained?
by cutting open cells with enzymes, and removing with a micropipette
by cutting the bacterial chromosome (nucleosome) with restriction enzymes
by breaking open cells and separating by centrifugation
How does Agrobacterium tumefaciens work to produce GM crops?
It's Ti plasmid infects plants, and integrates into plant chromosomes. This in turn allows expression of desirable products.
Agrobacterium infects plant tissue, allowing the bacteria to produce proteins inside the host
Agrobacterium takes over the cell machinery, producing it's own proteins.
Which human proteins have not been produced by GM?
insulin
HGH
Factor VIII
None of the above
Which of the below is not a marker gene?
Tetracycline resistance
GFP protein
EcoRI
lacZ (X-gal)