| Serials: State of the Art and the Future : Serials: State of the Art and the Future Rick Block
Columbia University
November 21, 2003 |
| Serialist : Serialist Specialist
Aerialist
Socialist
Surrealist |
| Why serials? : Why serials? They are expensive
They are the backbone of many library collections
They are complex and often defy rationalization
They are a specialized type of library material
|
| Why serials?: They … : Why serials?: They … Are born
Die
Change name
Divorce
Clone
Branch
Give birth
Adopt
Go through custody changes
Metamorphose
Resurrect
Remarry ...
|
| Why serials? They … : Why serials? They … RECONFIGURE
Frequency change
Physical changes
Numbering changes
Volume/Issue
Contents changes
|
| WORST SERIAL TITLE CHANGES OF THE YEAR AWARDS FOR 2002 : WORST SERIAL TITLE CHANGES OF THE YEAR AWARDS FOR 2002 "To Be or Not to Be Award"
This award goes to the National Stroke Association for changing the title of Be Stroke Smart to Stroke Smart. This was not smart.
“Going Down the Wrong Path” or the “Road Less Traveled Award”
This award goes to the Royal Society of Medicine Press for changing the title of the Journal of Integrated Care to Journal of Integrated Care Pathways. This one’s enough to make catalogers hit the road. |
| Why serials? : Why serials? They affect all areas of library operations
purchasing
cataloging
circulation
shelving and preservation
public services / reference
interlibrary loan
They contain information required by patrons
They are fun and interesting |
| What is a Serial? : What is a Serial? 1904 - Charles Cutter
A publication issued in successive parts, usually at regular intervals and continued indefinitely.
1927 - Winifred Gregory
A publication not issued by a governmental agency, appearing at regular or staged intervals of less than a year, and including articles on various subjects.
1939 - Louis Shores
Any publication issued serially or in successive parts more or less regularly. |
| What is a Serial? : What is a Serial? 1952 - Belle E. Schactman
Any title issued in parts which is incomplete in the collection.
1965 - Information Dynamics Corp.
Any publication, in any format, issued in parts for indeterminate periods at stated or unstated periods or intervals.
AACR2 (pre-2002): A publication in any medium issued in successive parts bearing numeric or chronological designations and intended to be continued indefinitely.
|
| HOUSTON, WE HAVE A PROBLEM : HOUSTON, WE HAVE A PROBLEM Are websites serials or monographs?
Are online databases serials or monographs?
And what about those loose-leafs? |
| What is a Serial? : What is a Serial? AACR2 2002 revision:
A continuing resource issued in a succession of discrete parts, usually bearing numbering, that has no predetermined conclusion.
Examples include journals, magazines, electronic journals, continuing directories, annual reports, newspapers, and monographic series.
|
| Changes in “Serial” Definition : Changes in “Serial” Definition A continuing resource
(was: A publication)
issued in a succession of discrete parts
(was: issued in successive parts)
usually bearing numbering
(was: bearing numeric or chronological designations)
that has no predetermined conclusion.
(was: intended to be continued indefinitely)
|
| Serial definition : Serial definition What do we mean by:
Discrete?
Separate parts/issues/articles
Usually?
Unnumbered series or first issue not designated
No predetermined conclusion
No obvious finiteness
|
| AACR2 Chapter 12 : AACR2 Chapter 12 Name now “Continuing Resources”
Scope expanded:
Serials
Integrating resources
Some finite resources
Reprints of serials
Finite integrating resources
Resources with characteristics of serials… but whose duration is limited (e.g. regular reports of a limited-term project, annual report of a commission that will exist only for a limited time)
Not just for serial catalogers any more!
|
| Conceptual Categories : Conceptual Categories Bibliographic Resources Finite Resources Continuing Resources Finite Integrating Resources Monographs Continuing Inte-grating Resources Serials |
| Bibliographic resource : Bibliographic resource An expression or manifestation of a work or an item that forms the basis for bibliographic description.
A bibliographic resource may be tangible or intangible.
Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records (FRBR) |
| Relationships -Work/Expression : Relationships -Work/Expression w1 Charles Dickens’ A Christmas carol
e1 the author’s original English text
e2 a Tamil translation by V.A. Venkatachari
|
| Relationships - Work/Expression/Manifestation : Relationships - Work/Expression/Manifestation w1 J.S. Bach’s Goldberg variations
e1 performance by Glen Gould in 1981
m1 recording released on 331/3 rpm sound disc in 1982 by CBS Records
m2 recording re-released on compact disc in 1993 by Sony
m3 digitization of the Sony re-release as MP3 in 2000
|
| Relationships - Work/Expression/Manifestation/Item : Relationships - Work/Expression/Manifestation/Item w1 Lost treasures of the world
e1 the interactive electronic resource
m1 the CD published in 1994 by Follgard CD-Visions
i1 first copy held by Calgary Public Library
i2 second copy held by Calgary Public Library
|
| Finite and continuing : Finite and continuing Finite Resource:
No formal definition; by implication the opposite of “continuing”:
A bibliographic resource issued once or over time with a predetermined conclusion (completed within a finite number of parts or iterations).
Includes monographs and finite integrating resources.
Continuing Resource:
A bibliographic resource issued over time with no predetermined conclusion.
Includes serials and ongoing integrating resources.
|
| Iteration : Iteration Definition:
An instance of an integrating resource, either as first published or after it has been updated.
|
| Continuing Resources : Continuing Resources Continuing Resources is a new concept that serves as a collective term for both serials and integrating resources
It refers to resources that have no predetermined conclusion
It is the title of Chapter 12
It will be the new name for the Serials fixed field in MARC records which will be used for both serials and integrating resources
|
| Integrating resource : Integrating resource New definition in AACR2: “A bibliographic resource that is added to or changed by means of updates that do not remain discrete and are integrated into the whole. Integrating resources can be finite or continuing …”
Most common:
Updating loose-leafs
Updating electronic resources |
| Differences: integrating resources and serials : Differences: integrating resources and serials The primary difference between an integrating resource and a serial is the manner in which it is issued
Serials are issued in discrete parts
Integrating resources are issued with updates that do not remain discrete
|
| Differences in cataloging : Differences in cataloging Basis of the description:
Serials: First or earliest available issue
Integrating Resources: Latest iteration
Change conventions:
Serials: Successive entry (a new record each time there is a major change)
Integrating Resources: Integrating entry (the same record is used and updated for most changes)
|
| Slide29 : OCLC: NEW Rec stat: n
Entered: 20030207 Replaced: 20030207 Used: 20030207
Type: r ELvl: I Srce: d Audn: Ctrl: Lang: dog
BLvl: m Form: GPub : Time: nnn MRec: Ctry: mou
Desc: a TMat: r Tech: n DtSt: m Dates: 1999,9999
040 $a ZCU $c ZCU
020 $a 101010101 : $c priceless
090 $a SF429.S64 $b R62 1999
092 $a 636.76 $2 21
049 $a ZPSA
245 00 $a Rocky $h [realia] : $b beloved pet / $c raised and loved
by Rick Block and Bill Vosburg.
256 $a Shih tzu
260 $a Missouri : $b Farm, $c 1999-
300 $a 1 dog : $b male, black and white, 18 lbs. ; $c 51 x 33 cm.
440 0 $a Block/Vosburg dog series ; $v no. 1
650 0 $a Shih tzu. |
| Three Major Types of Integrating Resources : Three Major Types of Integrating Resources Updating Loose-leaf
Examples: AACR2, CONSER Editing Guide, LCRIs, many law reporters and legal loose-leaf services
Updating Database
Examples: OCLC WorldCat, Books in Print online
Updating Web Site
Examples: LC Web site, CONSER Web site, Columbia University Web site
|
| Updating Loose-Leafs: “Traditional” Integrating Resource : Updating Loose-Leafs: “Traditional” Integrating Resource |
| Updating Database : Updating Database |
| Updating Web site : Updating Web site |
| Integrating resources may be continuing or finite : Integrating resources may be continuing or finite While all integrating resources are intended to be updated, some are finite in scope
E.g., ALA 2001 Midwinter Meeting Web site --has a predetermined conclusion
Both are included in Chapter 12 because:
There is no difference in the way they would be cataloged
It might be difficult to make this distinction
The distinctions are not useful to patrons
|
| Finite Updating Website : Finite Updating Website |
| Online and loose-leaf format resources may be monographic, serial, or integrating : Online and loose-leaf format resources may be monographic, serial, or integrating Online monographic document Online journal |
| Online SERIAL : Online SERIAL |
| Types of online serials : Types of online serials E-serials “born digital,” that is, originally published online
some of these may later appear in cumulated print format
Reproductions, republications, simultaneous editions of print titles
Issued by original print publisher, a contracted third party or as part of a digital library project
|
| Types of online serials : Types of online serials Titles that are part of a database of aggregated titles
May vary in completeness of reproduction and coverage of issues
May be the most predominate type of e-serial that libraries purchase and need to control
|
| Growth of Online Serials : Growth of Online Serials 1987 - 1st known e-journal - Syracuse University published Journal of Graduate Education
1991 - 1st ARL Directory listed 110 titles
1996 - listed 1689
May 1997 - 3800 journals announced on e-journal list
Today - ??? Too many to count
|
| Columbia E-Journal Numbers : Columbia E-Journal Numbers 13,348 records (titles)
16,281 URLs
As of 10-2-2003 |
| Going Digital : Going Digital An online version of a print serial or other physical format serial that does not retain separate discrete parts or issues in online format, would be cataloged as an integrating resource |
| Serial in print format : Serial in print format ACS directory of graduate research
1st ed
American Chemical Society
Washington, D.C. |
| Database in online format : Database in online format |
| Resource discovery methods and control : Resource discovery methods and control How do libraries provide access to electronic resources?
Institutional gateways to Web based resources
Lists and menus that provide access to serials
Subscription products and services
OPAC record with links to the resources and services
|
| Resource discovery and control : Resource discovery and control Metadata standards that promote the embedding of description and search terms in the resource itself
Search engines can more effectively find the resource
|
| Why catalog them with AACR2 and MARC 21? : Why catalog them with AACR2 and MARC 21? Provide access to all versions of a bibliographic resource in the OPAC
Including cases where format changes from print to online only
Resource Discovery: Controlled vocabulary and MARC 21 content designation for selected Internet resources
OPAC can reflect licensed/fee-based library acquisitions
|
| Access: Cataloging : Access: Cataloging Titles individually cataloged following the same procedures as for other serials
Advantages
Benefits of complete MARC records: standard description, access points, controlled subject headings, and authority control
Consistency within the catalog: one stop shopping for catalog users
OCLC records may be available for popular aggregators
Disadvantages
Cataloging not timely when aggregators larger than a couple hundred titles
Records are more prone to maintenance/deletion
|
| Single Record Approach : Single Record Approach Libraries may note information about the electronic version on the record for the print publication rather than separately cataloging the electronic version
Generally, libraries only use for titles they hold in print, but can also be used if library doesn’t hold the print version
|
| Cataloging: single record : Cataloging: single record Advantages
Benefits of complete print serial records
Doesn’t require cataloging expertise
Staff can process larger packages in a more timely fashion
Disadvantages
Cataloging still required for those titles not already held in print
Loss of access points and description specific to the electronic version
|
| Single record approach – Advantages : Single record approach – Advantages Patron/public service staff convenience
Generally cheaper to catalog
More timely access
Fewer records to maintain
|
| Single record approach – Disadvantages : Single record approach – Disadvantages Difficult to search for electronic versions because of loss of electronic descriptive information
If records sets are available, may be cheaper to load separate records
Resource sharing issues
|
| Single record approach – Factors : Single record approach – Factors Single record approach works well when
Online version contains enough original content that it can act as a surrogate or substitute for the original
Online version only contains selections (e.g., TOC, abstracts) and thus not worth cataloging separately
Separate records should be used when
There are significant differences between print and online content
Library wants separate records for identification purposes or other local considerations
|
| Access: Title Lists : Access: Title Lists In the beginning, e-serial access was provided through alphabetic lists on web pages
Alphabetic browse lists are still popular
If unable to provide online access through the catalog, this may be the only option for access |
| Access: Separate database : Access: Separate database Creation and maintenance of a separate database of a library’s aggregator serial title coverage
Advantage
Requires no cataloging resources
Disadvantages
Users must consult two sources to determine serial title holdings
Duplicates efforts to provide catalog access (if not recycling catalog data)
Individual libraries must do the work themselves
Possibly no subject or corporate body access
Note: Access through a separate database is not a substitute for catalog access, but can be a wonderful enhancement
|
| Access: vendors : Access: vendors Vendor solutions cover a range of possibilities including :
Printed lists
Title and holdings data
Record sets
More sophisticated online access
Management information
Vendors include Serials Solutions, TDNet, 1Cate
|
| Aggregators (aggravators) : Aggregators (aggravators) A collection of publications in electronic form, usually full-text versions of print journals
Some aggregations are stable and well maintained. Examples: Project Muse, JSTOR
Some aggregations have surprises! Examples: Lexis/Nexis, Proquest
|
| The Aggregator (aggravator) : The Aggregator (aggravator) Basic Model
Many titles from diverse publishers
Cost is roughly $5.00 per title per subscribing library per year.
Publishers see as:
Additional revenue stream (good)
Possible competition for their own product (bad)
Suppliers see as:
Cheap way to get lots of content with indexing
A commodity
|
| The Aggregator (aggravator) : The Aggregator (aggravator) Libraries (ideally) see as:
Source of convenience
The issue:
When these titles are viewed by libraries as a replacement for print they need to understand that long-term access is not a given.
The reality:
Lost content
|
| Stable Aggregators : Stable Aggregators The titles have a common element (usually publisher)
Each title has complete full-text (or if not complete, known differences are made clear)
Browsable because collection is organized by title and issue
Aggregator maintains a stable title list
There is a close correspondence between print and online
Aggregator notifies subscriber of changes to collection
Compare this to:
|
| Aggregators with Surprises! : Aggregators with Surprises! Often have subject orientation representing many publishers
Large and amorphous collections
Individual titles come and go depending on database providers arrangement with publisher
Not browsable (lacks title and/or issue-level web pages)
Lacks complete full-text coverage (full-text for some articles but not others)
Content may include monographs, reference books, newspapers and pamphlets
Most packages are somewhere on a continuum between stable/well-maintained and full of surprises
|
| Providing access to journal packages : Providing access to journal packages Catalog and provide access in OPAC
Through webliographies and gateways
Transparently from online indexes and databases
|
| Access: Aggregators (aggravators) : Access: Aggregators (aggravators) Records for a particular aggregator provided by the aggregator or purchased from a service
Considerations
Record completeness
Updates and maintenance
Cost
Relation to records already in your catalog
Exit strategy
If your library’s subscription to 2000 Science Direct titles is cancelled, how are you going to get those records and links out of your catalog tomorrow??
|
| Additional factors : Additional factors Record set availability
Collection development issues
Staffing levels and expertise
Local workflows and practices
Your OPAC
Vendor-supplied services
User needs
|
| Aggregator-Neutral Record : Aggregator-Neutral Record CONSER and OCLC have announced plans for collapsing separate records for a title offered by multiple aggregators
The resulting record would not describe details of any particular aggregator- focus on the title
This would facilitate local adaptation of records for titles in aggregator databases
|
| These records will be collapsed : These records will be collapsed 130 0 American literature (Online : Project Muse)
245 00 American literature $h [electronic resource].
362 1 Electronic coverage as of Oct. 13, 1999: Vol. 71, no. 3 (Sept. 1999)-
550 Digitized and made available by Project Muse.
710 2 Project Muse.
856 40 $u http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/al/ 130 0 American literature (Online : JSTOR)
245 00 American literature $h [electronic resource].
362 0 Vol. 1, no. 1 (Mar. 1929)-
550 Digitized and made available by JSTOR.
710 2 JSTOR (Organization)
856 40 $u http://www.jstor.org/journals/00029831.html 130 0 American literature (Online : OCLC)
245 00 American literature $h [electronic resource].
362 1 Electronic coverage as of May 1, 2000: Vol.71, no. 4 (Dec. 1999)-
500 Made available through OCLC FirstSearch Electronic Collections Online.
856 40 $u http://firstsearch.oclc.org/journal=0002-9831;screen=info;ECOIP |
| Resulting Record : Resulting Record 130 0 American literature (Online)
245 00 American literature $h [electronic resource].
260 Durham, N.C. : $b Duke University Press, $c 1929-
856 40 $u http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/al/
856 40 $u http://www.jstor.org/journals/00029831.html
856 40 $u http://firstsearch.oclc.org/journal=0002-9831;screen=info;ECOIP
|
| Columbia Strategy for E-Resource Control & Access : Columbia Strategy for E-Resource Control & Access Hire Networked Electronic Resources Librarian!
Expanded e-resource cataloging coverage in CLIO
Purchase title-level catalog & metadata records for sets whenever feasible
Use services like Serials Solutions for titles carried in databases
Do proactive and on-request local cataloging of individual e-resources
|
| Columbia Strategy for E-Resource Control & Access : Columbia Strategy for E-Resource Control & Access Flexible & functional LWEB presentation
Integrated, flexible, browsable LWEB displays
"Backlinks" to CLIO from LWEB citations as appropriate
Individual resource title "lookup" function in LWEB
Optional alternate resource listings with display of annotations
Improved subject access in LWEB
Subject category display via HILCC
Systematic and ongoing refinement and extension of HILCC; Bib Control collaborates directly with selectors
Keyword index to HILCC subject categories to supplement hierarchical access
Geographic content access via LC geographic area code
|
| Columbia E-Journal Issues and Strategies : Columbia E-Journal Issues and Strategies We will continue to rely on SerialsSolutions to supply most catalog records and holdings information for e-journals
We need to more actively pursue means of filling in gaps in what SerialsSolutions provides
Monitor accuracy and completeness of their coverage
Report errors and work with SerialsSolutions to improve service
Supplement SerialsSolutions services with local procedures and develop clear guidelines to distinguish between the two
|
| Columbia E-Journal Issues and Strategies : Columbia E-Journal Issues and Strategies Actions on existing SerialsSolutions packages
Records for missing titles
Catalog locally
Catalog in CONSER
Notify SerialsSolutions
Errors or gaps in holdings
Correct locally and/or report to SerialsSolutions
Creating forms and procedures for reporting problems
Procedures for titles and packages not covered by SerialsSolutions |
| Canceling print : Canceling print Operating budget reduction
Put our effort where use is (electronic)
Decreasing use of print serial collections
Where feasible and makes sense from both a collections and user perspective, cancel print subscription in favor of electronic
Not across the board; always option to keep print
For major journal packages, beginning with sciences and social sciences; just beginning discussions with humanities |
| Canceling print : Canceling print Faculty and student reaction in sciences and social sciences: no problem; users incredibly happy with e-journals
Need to stay in sync with users and their needs
Budget savings will be used to purchase electronic archives and supplement monograph budget
First packages: Elsevier Science Direct, IEEE conference proceedings, Sage social work titles, Kluwer, Wiley Interscience |
| Canceling print : Canceling print Print version
Departmental library actions to close patterns
Actions between cancellation and final receipt
Reference to online continuation in print record
No URL; note that print subscription cancelled
Implications of e-only for
Verifying access
Discovering, verifying, reporting new titles, dropped titles, changes in coverage, title changes, etc.
“Claiming” (detecting and reporting missing content)
ILL |
| http://www.columbia.edu/cu/lweb/ : http://www.columbia.edu/cu/lweb/ |
| HILCC : HILCC Columbia's Hierarchical Interface to LC Classification (HILCC) project is intended to test the potential of using the LC Classification numbers provided in standard catalog records to generate a structured menuing system for subject access on the web.
The HILCC mapping table —jointly developed by CUL digital library division, cataloging and reference staff — links each LC classification range with vocabulary in a three-level subject tree, for example:
LC Range: GC1 - GC1582
Maps to: Sciences -- Earth & Environmental Sciences -- Oceanography
|
| HILCC : HILCC Call numbers from catalog records extracted from CLIO (Columbia's LMS) can be matched against the HILCC mapping table, and a browsable subject category tree generated on the web to guide users through e-resource subject content.
As of June 2001 HILCC has been used for the Browsable E-journal Subject Listings.
We intend to expand the use of HILCC for access to other electronic resources, e.g. Reference tools and indexes (RTI) |
| HILCC Design Principles : HILCC Design Principles The first level display should include no more than twelve (or so) categories.
HILCC's overall hierarchy should be no more than three levels deep.
The degree of granularity should be relative to the actual resources available.
Subject categories should be built from LCC but not constrained by it.
A specific LC class range should map to only a single location in the HILCC structure.
|
| HILCC Design Principles : HILCC Design Principles HILCC processing and output should accommodate multiple LC class numbers appearing in a single bibliographic record.
The categorization and presentation of interdisciplinary resources should be addressed separately from the main HILCC effort.
The user interface must include composite, summary lists at the first and second levels of each hierarchy.
When feasible, terminology used at the lowest level of the hierarchy should be meaningful and unambiguous when displayed independently.
|
| HILCC: Future Developments : HILCC: Future Developments Interdisciplinary mini-HILCCs:. extending the HILCC project to include customized presentations of interdisciplinary resources. Library staff need a simple but flexible way of creating targeted listings of resources by computer-assisted means, both on demand and for public presentation of our digital library collections.
Review of HILCC Terms Against LC Subject Headings: work has already been done at the Library of Congress and elsewhere to begin to correlate LC subject headings with relevant portions of the LC Class Schedules. Improving HILCC terminology by use of LC subject headings may benefit users and provide the Library more options for using HILCC as a basis for newer kinds of subject-oriented access.
Resource Presentation Using Additional Metadata Elements: using other metadata elements in combination with HILCC for browsing and searching for materials; these additional elements or aspects include: genre or format (e.g., e-journals, e-texts), geographic content (e.g., online resources from or about sub-Saharan Africa), "reference-ness“ (e.g., key online databases in Public Affairs).
|
| HILCC: Future Developments : HILCC: Future Developments New Interactive Modes of User Discovery. The availability of rich metadata extracted from catalog records and made available via a robust SQL/Web retrieval framework potentially provides a powerful toolset to experiment operationally with more "intelligent" forms of user interaction such as:
basic research dialogues with users, allowing search strategies to be refined, expanded, limited, etc.
content mapping and visual navigation, allowing users to see the depth of content in certain collection areas, the relationships between content clusters
interactive query optimization with user-assigned relevancy weighting
creation of a non-specialist cataloging interface for faculty or other researchers to prepare metadata and integrate their resources into Columbia's digital collections using HILCC categories
|
| Six Phases of a Project : Six Phases of a Project Enthusiasm
Disillusionment
Panic
Search for the Guilty
Punishment of the Innocent
Praise and Honors for the Non-Participants |
| Linking : Linking Any protocol that allows the user to directly access information indentified without going through an intermediate step.
Full-text
Abstract/TOC
Document Delivery/ILL
Local Catalog Search
Etc.
|
| Linking : Linking OpenURL
A URL, imbedding metadata in a standard fashion, allowing it to be interpreted by an external target.
SFX www.sfxit.com
EBSCO SmartLinks www.epnet.com
Endeavor
www.endinfosys.com
Others on the market or soon to arrive
|
| Linking : Linking Source
Where the user begins his or her search, usually an indexing/abstracting tool, the local catalog or similar bibliographic services
Target
Where the links presented by a source will take the user. The places where the desired bits of information reside
|
| What our patrons tell us : What our patrons tell us The electronic world is good
Indexing is great
Full-text is even greater
SFX Statistics:
39,350 total hits
21,993 get full text
July 1-Nov. 10, 2003
|
| Linking Options : Linking Options SFX – as an example of locally-controlled linking
Our decision based on
local control
ability to create targets (and sources)
ability to present multiple links when multiple options exist
most mature tool at the time
|
| Experience with SFX : Experience with SFX Continue to add sources/targets
Usage growing rapidly after slow start
Maintenance is something to consider
SFX adds one more player into the matrix
suppliers not yet used to thinking about SFX when making decisions
No consistent approach by producers
|
| E-Resources on LibraryWeb : E-Resources on LibraryWeb The Libraries completed a year-long project to upgrade our 5-year old LibraryWeb publishing system for current, licensed electronic resources.
Our new, more powerful process now involves extraction of records for e-journal and electronic reference tools directly from our online catalog, loading into the enterprise SQL system (IBM's dB2) that acts as our Master Metadata File, and the generation of real-time lookup and browse functionality.
This enhanced system allows us to create interfaces and retrieval methods that are optimized for electronic resources in a way that cannot yet be done in our online catalog; it also provides a bibliographic knowledge base that will be used for other types of value added services, such as database advisers, research guides, and quick bibliographies. |
| E-Resources on LibraryWeb : E-Resources on LibraryWeb The next phase of this development will entail allowing selectors and bibliographers actually to supply annotatations (scope, related resources, search tips, etc.) to our local online catalog records for e-resource titles so that this information can be displayed for end-users both on our LibraryWeb and in the OPAC.
During the past year, we have also successfully incorporated additional item-level e-journal records from Serial Solutions and other sources into our OPAC and Master Metadata File, allowing users to see current e-journal coverage and holdings for many titles.
|
| Change in URL : Change in URL Online access to Web resources through a Web catalog is generally provided by a URL in the MARC 856 field
Libraries rely on several methods to identify when URLs have changed, including:
Link checking (automated or manual)
Reports from catalog users
Reports from publishers
Library staff must edit the catalog record to provide current access
|
| Change in URL : Change in URL Persistent Uniform Resource Locator
A URL which instead of pointing directly to a Web resource, points to an intermediate resolution service that redirects the browser to the resource’s current URL
|
| PURLs : PURLs Advantages
There is a single URL which will always be associated with a particular Web resource, thus
There is no need for catalog record maintenance as URL maintenance happens in the resolution table
Disadvantages
URL maintenance must still happen
Only authorized entity can update resolution table
|
| Columbia URL Resolver : Columbia URL Resolver As part of cataloging any e-resource, the publisher's URL is submitted to the Library Systems Office (LSO) so that it can be added to tables within our URL Resolver.
Simplifies maintenance. If domain name changes, it can be changed in the Resolver rather than record by record.
In order to permit users to access these services from home or other locations when not connected to the Internet through Columbia, the Resolver provides links to redirect users to the proxy server.
Unauthorized use of paid resources by individuals not affiliated with the University can be prevented.
Enables us to gather usage statistics and redirect services during service outages. |
| ISSN for e-serials : ISSN for e-serials Current policy is separate ISSN for paper and online serials
Publishers might be:
Printing multiple ISSN one labeled “print ISSN” and the other labeled “online ISSN”
Printing a single ISSN not labeled as print or online
These may or may not be the correct ISSN
|
| Players within the library : Players within the library Selection process
Collection development chooses content to be purchased
Systems staff involvement
which version(s) can be locally supported
which version(s) do we choose to support
sometimes becomes suggestor to titles “We found this neat group of titles that we’d like to put up…”
|
| Players within the library : Players within the library Selection Process (continued)
Do we purchase the title or an aggregation
which versions are actually complete
does the title exist in more than one package
Some titles fall out of the sky
Some library models allow/encourage links to “free” sources with no involvement of processing staff
|
| Players within the library : Players within the library Purchase
Are we purchasing or licensing?
Determination of availability, package plans, different rate if we have the paper, etc.
Access restrictions - what are we willing to accept or negotiate
Blending of funds to finance purchase
|
| Players within the library : Players within the library Cataloging
Traditional function remains
multiple records, or combination of all formats on one record
addition of URL to cataloging record
Metadata, OCLC Connexion, etc.
Maintain Web links
|
| Players within the library : Players within the library Maintenance
Keeping the links working
Watching for changes in the product
additional content
changing restrictions
different access options
different purchasing opportunities
|
| Players within the library : Players within the library Other players within the organization
partnering to provide content
joint funding/joint administration
physical infrastructure
availability of equipment capable of viewing documents
distribution of readers
|
| Areas likely to see change : Areas likely to see change Bibliographic Control
Changing standards (AACR2, 2002 edition)
Cataloging simplification
Use of latest vs. successive entry
Cataloging for access (URL’s)
Cataloging what you don’t own
Outsourcing
|
| Areas likely to see change : Areas likely to see change Access vs. (in addition to) ownership
Who controls?
Cooperative agreements
What will it really cost?
What happens when a supplier goes belly up?
Does the library continue to have a role at all?
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| Areas likely to see change : Areas likely to see change Housing and preservation
Libraries are full, what do we do?
How do you protect access to what you don’t own?
Who is archiving? (lots of net stuff gone everyday)
For paper, the standard has been Microfilm, a dead technology?, what will replace it?
Cost of Print and electronic
Publishers will make their $$
Will print and electronic continue to be linked?
Will we pay by the glass, the gulp, or the sip?
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| Areas likely to see change : Areas likely to see change Acquisition methods
How do we select, purchase, receive, maintain records of, and account for stuff we don’t own and never even see?
Who will be our users?
Scientists and lawyers may already be lost, others may follow.
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| Areas likely to see change : Areas likely to see change Role of the publishers
Publishers add value
They package in a recognizable, usable, format
They pass judgment on quality
They provide a filter for the many voices competing for our attention
They are scared and don’t have any answers either.
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| Areas likely to see change : Areas likely to see change The role of consortial agreements
Bulk purchasing
Bulk access
Big chunk of $$ from individual library budgets
Usually, direct from the publisher, eliminating the vendor as an option
Blurring of information and indexing
What is a publication?
What is the access to that publication?
What is the indexing to that publication?
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| Our role … discuss : Our role … discuss |
| Rhode Island: its neither a road nor an island … discuss : Rhode Island: its neither a road nor an island … discuss |
| Rick J. Block blockr@columbia.edu : Rick J. Block blockr@columbia.edu 212-854-2237 |