| The Current Thai Metrology System Related to Food and Safety Measurement : The Current Thai Metrology System Related to Food and Safety Measurement Dr. Pian Totarong and Dr. Chainarong Cherdchu
National Institute of Metrology (Thailand)
APEC/APLMF Seminars and Training in Legal Metrology 7 February 2007 |
| What is Metrology ? : What is Metrology ? (1) International Vocabulary of Basic and General Terms in Metrology (VIM)
“Metrology is a field of knowledge concerned with measurement.”
(2) Webster Dictionary
“The science of, or a system of, weights and measures, a treatise on the subjects.”
(3) The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language
“The science that deals with measurement, a system of measurement.”
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| Slide3 : (4) National Metrological System Development Act, B.E. 2540
“The scientific activities that are dealing with the calibration of measurement or testing or analysis.”
(5) The Metrology will include all theoretical and practical aspects of measurement, which cover the Methods, Equipments, Uncertainty, Comparability, Repeatability of Measurement.
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| International Metrology Organization : International Metrology Organization Bureau International des Poids et Measures: BIPM
Regional Metrology Organization: RMO |
| Slide5 : BIPM Scientific centre for metrology: custodian of the kilogram and the time Courtesy of Ed de Leer |
| Regional Metrology Organization RMO : Regional Metrology Organization RMO |
| International Metrology System : International Metrology System International Committee for Weights and Measures (CIPM)
The CIPM consists of 10 committee divided according to parameters, namely:
- Consultative Committees for Acoustic, Ultrasound, and Vibration (CCAUV)
- Consultative Committees for Electricity and Magnetism (CCEM)
- Consultative Committees for Length (CCL)
- Consultative Committees for Mass and Related Quantities (CCM)
- Consultative Committees for Photometry and Radiometry (CCPR)
- Consultative Committees for Quantities of Materials (CCQM)
- Consultative Committees for Ionizing Radiation (CCRI)
- Consultative Committees for Unit (CCU)
- Consultative Committees for Thermometry (CCT)
- Consultative Committees for Time and Frequency (CCTF)
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| International Recognition of Measurement : International Recognition of Measurement To follow the Mutual Recognition Arrangement (MRA) drawn up by the International Committee of Weights & Measure (CIPM)
MRA approved during the National Metrology Institute’s (NMI) director meeting on October 14, 1999.
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| Objectives of MRA : Objectives of MRA To establish the degree of equivalence of national measurement standards maintained by NMIs.
To provide for the mutual recognition of calibration and measurement certificates issued by NMIs.
To provide government for agreements related to international trade, commerce & regulatory affairs.
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| Process under MRA : Process under MRA International Comparison of Measurement (Key Comparison) appears on Appendix B of BIPM website.
Demonstration of Competence (Calibration and Measurement Capabilities: CMC) appears on Appendix C of BIPM website.
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| History of Metrology in Thailand : History of Metrology in Thailand Weights and Measures Act B.E. 2466 (1923) – Revised in 1999, Central Bureau of Weights and Measures (CBWM), Department of Internal Trade, Ministry of Commerce
Industrial Metrology and Testing Services Centre (1961), Thailand Institute of Scientific and Technological Research (TISTR)
Precision Measurement Equipment Laboratory (1965), Directorate of Communication & Electronics, Royal Thai Air Force
Metrology Development Program (1966), Department of Science and Service (DSS), Ministry of Science, Technology and Environment
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| National Institute of Metrology (Thailand), NIMT : National Institute of Metrology (Thailand), NIMT Established under the
National Metrological System Development Act, B.E. 2540(1997) |
| NIMT VISION : NIMT VISION NIMT is an internationally recognized organization to establish national measurement standards, and to help strengthening the abilities of competitiveness of international trading, consumer protection, and environment conservation, of the country. |
| National Institute of Metrology (Thailand) : National Institute of Metrology (Thailand) Objectives:
To establish internationally recognized National Measurement Standards
To disseminate the measurement accuracy to the users in the country |
| Establishment of National Measurement Standards : Establishment of National Measurement Standards National Institute of Metrology (Thailand)
- All parameters except Ionizing Radiation
The designation of other organizations
- Ionizing Radiation
Office of Atoms for Peace (OAP)
- Metrology in Chemistry
NIMT, DMSc, DSS, TISTR, etc.
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| Slide17 : International Standards (SI Units) National Institute of Metrology (Thailand) Calibration Laboratories Industries Products International Comparison
Quality System National Standard Calibrate User Standard and Measuring Equipment Measuring Reference Standard Working (User) Standard,
Measuring Equipment Calibrate Reference Standard
by National Standard Traceability National Metrology System (Measurement Traceability Chain) |
| Slide18 : Roles of National Metrology in Export International Comparison
Quality System ISO/IEC 17025
ISO 9001
ISO 14000 Products Testing/Inspection Product Standard Certification Chemistry (Primary Method, Standard Reference Materials)
ISO/IEC 17025 (Traceability) Export Calibration Laboratories National Institute of Metrology (Thailand) (Calibration) Producers International Standards (SI Units) Production
Industrial Standard
- National Industrial Standard Department of Fisheries,
Department of Agriculture, Department of Livestock Development, Department of Medical Sciences, National Bureau of Agricultural Commodity and Food Standards etc. Reference Standard Comparison (Traceability) (Traceability) (Calibration) |
| International Trade Requires Treaceability and Comparability : International Trade Requires Treaceability and Comparability comparability
NMIa NMIb
Measurements Measurements
Specifications Requirements
trade
Sellers Buyer traceability |
| Slide20 : National Institute of Metrology (Thailand)
(NIMT) Establish Int’l Recognized Measurement Standard Strengthening Calibration Laboratory Calibration and Measurement Capability
(CMC) 1. Calibration guideline
2. Disseminate measurement accuracy
3. Organizing inter-labs comparison
4. Initiate Technical Committee in each
measurement parameter Quality System Int’l Comparison 3rd Party Accreditation
QS Experts & Technical Peers
(Self Declaration) Key Comparison
Supplementary Comparison NIMT Activities Calibration Services
Consultancy Services
Training
R&D |
| Technical Achievement of NIMT : Technical Achievement of NIMT QS implementation
/ inter-comparison Submission of CMCs BIPM
Appendix B
- Appendix C CMCs approved
by other RMO Expert Force&
Torque Acoustic&
Vibration DCV ACV CCM – K1 Absolute
pressure,
Gauge
Pressure Steel&
Ceramic
Gauge
Blocks DCV,
ACV,
DCI,
ACI,
AC/DC
Transfer
Frequency
Resistance
Capacity
Inductance Mass Pressure Electrical Length Temperature Chemical Flow&
Volume -pH measurements
-p,p’-DDE
-BTEX
-QPCR |
| Five National Strategic Industries : Five National Strategic Industries Kitchen of the World (Food Industry)
Detroit of Asia (Automotive and Part Industry)
Asian Fashion (Textile and Clothing Industry)
Graphic and Animation (Software Industry)
Unseen Thailand (Tourism)
And two more industries which the government focus on supporting are
* Health (Medical Hub)
* Biotechnology |
| Road Map of Metrology in Thailand : Road Map of Metrology in Thailand To extend the Scope of Physical Metrology to serve National Strategic Industries
To develop Metrology in Chemistry and Biology to serve National Strategic Industries
To strengthen calibration laboratories
1. Organizing inter-laboratory comparison
2. Calibration guideline
3. Dissemination of measurement accuracy (calibration, training, consultancy, etc.)
4. Initiation of Technical Committee in each measurement
parameter
5. Stimulation of Calibration Laboratory Alliance and
Associations. |
| Slide24 : There is no science without measurements,
no quality without testing,
and no global markets without standards
Commission of the European Union, 2006 |
| Metrology and Conformity Assessment in Food Industry : Metrology and Conformity Assessment in Food Industry |
| Slide26 : Typical Situation in countries before Free Trade Agreements started: Food products were supervised by multiple responsible ministries
Mandatory standards for food safety were issued uncoordinatedly by responsible ministries or departments.
Chemical measurements were not always traceable to SI or CRM.
Testing and Analysis was conducted by laboratories nominated by ministries.
Food Product Certification was issued by ministries
Regulatory Bodies negotiated many bilateral MOU’s for acceptance of specific products.
Contaminations in food products resulted in rejection at foreign borders. Imports were suspended or additional inspections by importing countries were conducted. |
| Slide27 : Global agreements for free trade: |
| Slide28 : Article 6.1.1 requires (extract):
.... adequate and enduring technical competence ......
.... confidence in the reliability of conformity assessment results…
....verified compliance ........ through accreditations ......
.... with relevant guides and recommendations from ISO ...... WTO - TBT agreement, Article 6: Recognition of Conformity Assessment by Central Government Bodies |
| Slide29 : National Quality System National MSTQ - System International System Value chains ISO 9000, ISO 14000, HACCP, etc Product Certification, CE, GS, etc National Standards
International Standards Calibration of Equipment Testing, Analysis
Investigation Reference Materials |
| Slide30 : Metrology BIPM trazeability Accreditation ISO Guide 62, 65, etc IAF ILAC PAC APLAC ISO 17025 ISO 17025 Certification Certificate Standardization ISO CODEX ACCSQ Processing Deep freezing Transport Shrimp Farm Process ISO 9000 HACCP Good Practices ISO 14000 National Quality System Ministry sanitary surveillance Technical Regulations Product with Certificate Testing
Laboratories Intercomparisons Proficiency tests APMP - Calibration
- Reference materials - products
- processes MSTQ - System Farm to Fork System |
| Slide31 :
"One-stop shop” to achieve world-wide acceptance
means:
• one product one world-wide technical regulation
• one product one world-wide written standard
• one product one world-wide accreditation
• one product one world-wide test or measurement World-wide product acceptance |
| Slide32 : How to assure, that 1 kg in company A in Thailand weighs exactly the same as 1 kg in company B in Germany ? ! |
| Slide33 : Traceability in Chemical Laboratories: |
| Slide34 : Why traceability in chemical measurements?
Important decisions are based on chemical measurements, eg.: environment and health
New standard ISO/IEC 17025:
General requirements for the technical competence of calibration and testing laboratories:
Traceability of measurements to recognized references
Declaration of uncertainty according to the “Guide to the expression of uncertainty in Measurement (GUM)”
Additional support:
CIPM Mutual Recognition Agreement (CIPM-MRA):
Basis for the establishment of international traceability and comparability |
| Slide35 : Application of the metrological concepts
Traceability
Uncertainty
in quantitative chemical analysis
Establishment of national traceability structures for measurements in Chemistry (traceability to SI - Units and other recognized references)
Establishment of international comparability / equivalence of the national structures for traceability in Chemistry
Overall Goal:
Acceptance of measurement results in Chemistry all over the world based on their reliability
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| Slide36 : Specific problems in the establishment of traceability to SI - Units in chemical measurements :
Large variety of substances, in the majority, high complexity of the analytical tasks
Substances which are not- isolated have to be determined
In many cases sampling is necessary
These specific problems require a special “chemical approach” |
| Slide37 : Applications for Metrology in Chemistry: International Trade Agreements:
Export products
Contaminants in agricultural products
To meet given specifications or limits in exports to USA, EU, Japan, etc.
Consumer Protection:
Health protection (blood examination, drinking water, pharmaceuticals, etc)
Food, beverages (contaminants, preservative agents)
Environment (air pollution, waste water, etc)
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| Slide38 : Testing Laboratories Mean Value and Uncertainty limit not acceptable acceptable |
| Slide39 : BIPM - MRA: MRA Mutual recognition arrangement:
In 1999 the CGPM implemented the MRA to achieve more transparency and equivalence between National Metrology Institutes. Its administrated by BIPM.
The MRA is based on verified information about the participating NMI`s, documented in KCDB Key Comparison Data Base (www.bipm.fr):
Ap. A: Participating institutes
Ap. B: Results of key comparisons and supplementary comparisons
Ap. C: Best measurement capability, uncertainty
Information about implementation of quality system
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| Slide40 : International Comparisons for the global MRA BIPM Other RMO key
comparisons EUROMET key
comparisons SIM key
comparisons APMP key
comparisons CIPM
key comparisons bilateral comparisons bilateral comparisons link laboratories NMI’s |
| Slide41 : Health
health status markers (cholesterol/heart disease, diabetes/glucose, creatinine/kidney function, trace hormones, DNA-based markers)
electrolytes (Na, K, Ca)
toxic substances in blood (e.g., Pb, Hg)
Anabolic steroids in urine
Food
pesticide residues
antibiotics in meat
growth hormones in meat
vitamins and minerals
drinking water (EPA List)
GMO
Environment
air (EPA HAPs List)
soil/sediments
biological tissues
waste water (EPA List)
CCQM Key Comparison Areas: Advanced Materials
semiconductors
metal alloys
polymers and plastics
Forensics
drugs of abuse
explosive residues
breathalyzer (ethanol-in-air)
DNA profiling
Commodities
emissions trading (SO2 in stack emissions)
sulfur in fossil fuels
natural gas
sucrose
cement (Ca, Si, Al, S, Ti, Na, Mg )
source of origin/adulteration
Pharmaceuticals
chirality
purity determination
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| Slide43 : Conclusions: Food safety requires a coordinated technical MSTQ infrastructure
Technical Regulations should be on basis of ISO standards and Codex alimentarius recommendations. One National Standards Body elaborates national standards - Responsible ministries issue Technical Regulations and notify to WTO-SPS
Physical and chemical measurements should be traceable to National Metrology Institute (National Reference Laboratories) under BIPM-MRA.
Testing and Analysis should be conducted by accredited laboratories.
Certification Bodies for products and management systems should be accredited.
National Accreditation Body is internationally recognized for all required types of accreditations by ILAC and IAF-MLA.
Regulatory Bodies use national MSTQ infrastructure (internationally recognized) instead of multiple bilateral MOU’s. |
| What does a National Measurement Infrastructure Deliver ? : What does a National Measurement Infrastructure Deliver ? Objective is to ensure that:
Measurements made in the nation are fit for purpose for both:
Domestic needs within the nation
Tools for interactions with other nations in:
Trade
Treaties
Cooperative programs
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| Domestic Concerns : Domestic Concerns
Good chemical analysis results are needed to:
Increase industrial efficiency
Provide information to the consumer
Control industrial production
Protect public health
Support regulatory processes
Provide data for future legislation |
| What’s Needed for Domestic Purposes : What’s Needed for Domestic Purposes Sound national standards
Reference methods
Reference materials
Proficiency testing
Good dissemination processes to users
Extensive and pervasive quality systems
Educational and training programs for users |
| International Concerns : International Concerns Good chemical analysis results are needed to:
Assist trade
Provide an agreed basis for treaty activities
Provide the national infrastructure for trans-national development activities |
| What’s Needed for Trade Purposes : What’s Needed for Trade Purposes Everything that’s needed for domestic purposes
PLUS
Demonstrated traceability to international standards, such as SI
Demonstrated equivalence to other nation’s standards
Demonstrably correct uncertainty statements
National participation in the BIPM MRA |
| Example 1: Trade in Seafood : Example 1: Trade in Seafood The Scenario Part 1:
Thailand harvests shrimp in fish farms
Widespread use of antibiotics in animals nearby means danger of nitrofuran contamination
Analytical chemistry laboratory tests for nitrofurans
Results OK, nitrofurans measured but levels 30% below limits - BUT ARE THE MEASUREMENTS CORRECT ?
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| Slide50 : The Scenario Part 2:
Exporter exports shrimp to Europe
Each shipment 50 million Baht
On entry, European tests identify nitrofurans above legal limits
Shipment rejected; massive financial loss
Flow-on effect to other (clean) Thai products |
| Example 2: The Trans-global Factory : Example 2: The Trans-global Factory The Scenario:
US-based multi-national company wishes to set up a component plant in a lower-cost Asian country
One key aspect of plant is the host nation’s ability to provide accurate chemical measurements
Multi-national company must choose between several candidate nations
Balance of advantages, disadvantages
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| And the WINNER is? : And the WINNER is? One nation has shown through international measurement programs that it does have an appropriately reliable capability.
Multi-national company invests there despite other disadvantages.
Major economic boost to the nation. |
| What Comprises a Chemical Measurement Infrastructure ? : What Comprises a Chemical Measurement Infrastructure ?
The International System of Units (SI) National Measurement
Institute Reference
Laboratory
Network Non-NMI
PT Providers Chemical Reference
Materials Chemical Reference
Methods Chemical Proficiency
Testing Schemes Field
Laboratory Field
Laboratory Field
Laboratory Field
Laboratory |
| How can a Laboratory obtain Traceability Through the Measurement Infrastructure? : How can a Laboratory obtain Traceability Through the Measurement Infrastructure? (1) Through a reference material whose property values either:
themselves are the reference
or
have traceability to a higher reference
Then the laboratory’s measurement method is calibrated against such a reference material
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| Traceability Route 2 : Traceability Route 2
The International System of Units (SI) National Measurement
Institute Reference
Laboratory
Network PT Providers Chemical Reference
Materials Chemical Reference
Methods Chemical Proficiency
Testing Schemes Field
Laboratory Field
Laboratory Field
Laboratory Field
Laboratory ? |
| How can a Laboratory obtain Traceability Through the Measurement Infrastructure? : How can a Laboratory obtain Traceability Through the Measurement Infrastructure? (2) Through access to a PT sample whose property values:
have traceability to a higher reference
Then the laboratory’s measurement results can be related to the property values of the PT test material
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| How Can PT Deliver Traceability ? : How Can PT Deliver Traceability ?
The International System of Units (SI) National Measurement
Institute Reference
Laboratory
Network Reference
Laboratory
Network Chemical Reference
Materials Chemical Reference
Methods Chemical Proficiency
Testing Schemes Field
Laboratory Field
Laboratory Field
Laboratory Field
Laboratory |
| How Can PT Deliver Traceability? : How Can PT Deliver Traceability? Through the property values of the test material
By the relationship of those values to a reference material
Measurement method calibrated against a reference material
By the relationship of those values to a reference method
Property values determined by a reference method
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| PT Issues : PT Issues Consensus mean - no longer acceptable?
Assigned value preferred option
Target value set for uncertainty where possible
Partnership of NMI capability with other PT providers (?) |
| Using International Resources : Using International Resources Many international PT providers
Specialist fields
Look for accreditation as a provider
Advantages of international programs
Larger number of participants
Greater confidence in consensus mean
Often reference values available
Experience often means better test samples
Disadvantages
Cost
Slow turnaround |
| How to Find International PT Programs : How to Find International PT Programs EPTIS database
Designed for Europe
Includes Nth American, Sth American
Nothing from Asia
Cost high (1,000 Euro registration)
No guarantee of quality
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| What is a National Metrology Institute’s Role in PT ? : What is a National Metrology Institute’s Role in PT ?
Many potential roles:
Run PT programs itself
Act as a national source of information about other programs offered by others
Supply reference values to programs run by others
Prepare test samples for other programs
Provide analytical services for other programs
Co-ordinate national programs using multiple providers |